Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Resistance & Human Rights

29

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Ourida Meddad

وريدة مداد

Algeria

1938 – 1957 (19 years old)

Eighteen-year-old Algerian revolutionary courier and intelligence operative in the Casbah of Algiers, whose unbreakable silence under extreme torture made her an immortal symbol of youth resistance.

Algiers, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

30

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Malika Gaïd

مليكة قايد

Algeria

1933 – 1957 (23 years old)

Algerian combat nurse and ALN militant who treated wounded guerrillas under heavy bombardment in the mountains of Kabylie and died weapon in hand defending her field hospital.

Béjaïa, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

28

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Larbi Tébessi

العربي التبسي

Algeria

1891 – 1957 (66 years old)

Eminent Algerian Islamic scholar, educator, and president of the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema who fiercely defended Algerian national and linguistic identity against French colonial assimilation.

Tébessa, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

29

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Larbi Ben M'hidi

العربي بن مهيدي

Algeria

1923 – 1957 (34 years old)

Iconic Algerian revolutionary strategist, founding member of the 'Six Chefs Historiques' of the FLN, commander of the Battle of Algiers, revered for his serene smile and indomitable courage under torture.

Algiers, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

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Dedan Kimathi

Dedan Kimathi Waciuri

Kenya

31 October 1920 – 18 February 1957 (36 years old)

Senior military and spiritual commander of the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (Mau Mau) who waged guerrilla warfare from the Aberdare mountain forests against British colonial rule, executed by the colonial authorities in 1957.

Kamiti Maximum Security Prison, Nairobi, Kenya

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Resistance & Human Rights

11

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Fernand Iveton

فرناند إيفتون

Algeria

1926 – 1957 (30 years old)

Algerian-born communist trade unionist who joined the FLN's Combattants de la Libération, becoming the only European-descended Algerian guillotined during the War of Independence.

Bologhine (Algiers), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

30

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Zighoud Youcef

زيغود يوسف

Algeria

1921 – 1956 (35 years old)

Algerian revolutionary strategist who succeeded Didouche Mourad as commander of Wilaya II and masterminded the August 20, 1955 North Constantine Offensive that irreversibly transformed the war into a mass popular revolution.

Skikda, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

8

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Abbas Messaadi

عباس المساعدي

Morocco

1925 – 1956 (31 years old)

Charismatic commander of the Moroccan Army of Liberation (ALN) in the Rif and Middle Atlas mountains whose military operations forced France to concede Moroccan independence in 1956.

Taza, Morocco

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Resistance & Human Rights

27

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Ahmed Zabana

أحمد زبانة

Algeria

1926 – 1956 (30 years old)

Algerian freedom fighter executed at age thirty, whose stoic courage before the French colonial guillotine made his martyrdom a rallying cry that galvanized the armed revolution.

Algiers, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

3

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Maurice Laban

موريس لابان

Algeria

1914 – 1956 (41 years old)

Biskra-born veteran of the Spanish Civil War who organized peasants in the Aurès and died in combat alongside Henri Maillot fighting for Algerian independence in 1956.

El Karimia (Chélif), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

3

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Henri Maillot

هنري مايو

Algeria

1928 – 1956 (28 years old)

French-Algerian officer who diverted an army truck with 100 rifles and pistols to the ALN in April 1956, dying in combat defending Algerian liberation.

Algiers, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

4

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Souidani Boudjemaa

سويداني بوجمعة (سي الجيلالي)

Algeria

1922 – 1956 (34 years old)

Founding member of the Historic 22, survivor of the May 8, 1945 massacres in Guelma, who commanded the November 1954 offensive across the Mitidja plain.

Koléa (Tipasa), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

31

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Mostefa Ben Boulaïd

مصطفى بن بولعيد

Algeria

1917 – 1956 (39 years old)

Algerian national hero acclaimed as the 'Father of the Algerian Revolution', founding historic chief who self-financed, armed, and commanded Wilaya I in the rugged Aurès Mountains.

Menaa (Batna), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

3

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Ramdane Djamel

رمضان جمال

Algeria

1927 – 1955 (28 years old)

Founding member of the Historic 22 who fell heroically during the monumental August 20, 1955 North Constantine Offensive led by Zighoud Youcef.

Ramdane Djamel (Skikda), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

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Didouche Mourad

ديدوش مراد

Algeria

1927 – 1955 (27 years old)

Pioneering Algerian revolutionary leader, founding member of the historic Group of 22, who commanded the outbreak of the armed liberation struggle in northern Constantinois until his heroic death at age twenty-seven.

Didouche Mourad (Constantine), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

3

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Badji Mokhtar

باجي مختار

Algeria

1919 – 1954 (35 years old)

Founding member of the Historic 22 who triggered the November 1954 revolution, commander of the Souk Ahras region, and first member of the 22 to fall as a martyr.

Medjez Sfa (Guelma), Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

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Muhammad Zerktouni

محمد الزرقطوني

Morocco

c. 1927 – 1954 (27 years old)

Supreme leader of the Moroccan urban armed resistance and founder of the Secret Army in Casablanca, who swallowed poison while detained to ensure he would never betray his underground comrades under torture.

Casablanca, Morocco

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Resistance & Human Rights

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Aristides de Sousa Mendes

Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral e Abranches

Portugal

19 July 1885 – 3 April 1954 (68 years old)

Portuguese consul in Bordeaux who defied dictator António de Oliveira Salazar's Circular 14 to issue over 30,000 visas to refugees fleeing the Nazi invasion of France in June 1940, including 10,000 Jews.

Lisbon, Portugal

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