Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Politics

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Pieter de Coninck

Pieter de Coninck

Belgium

c. 1255 – c. 1332 (77 years old)

Charismatic orator and dean of the Bruges weavers guild whose impassioned resistance against patrician oligarchs and French occupational forces sparked the 1302 Flemish Revolution.

Bruges, Belgium

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

12

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Abu Said Uthman II

أبو سعيد عثمان بن يعقوب

Morocco

1276 – 1331 (54 years old)

Marinid Sultan of Morocco (1310–1331) who transformed Fez into the architectural masterpiece of North Africa, founding the famed Al-Attarine and Sahrij madrasas.

Rabat, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Robert I of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)

Roibert a Briuis (Robert de Brus)

Scotland

1274 – 1329 (54 years old)

Hero King of Scotland who liberated his nation from English dominion and secured independence at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

Dunfermline, Fife, United Kingdom

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Shaykh al-Islam)

تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد الحليم بن تيمية

Turkey

22 January 1263 CE (661 AH) – 26 September 1328 CE (728 AH) (65 years old)

Formidable Hanbali jurist and theologian who led intellectual resistance against Mongol hegemony and theological syncretism. Authored Majmu al-Fatawa, advocating a return to the direct methodology of early Islam (Salaf).

Damascus, Syria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf al-Hilli

العلامة الحلي

Iraq

1248 – 1325 (77 years old)

Legendary Iraqi philosopher, mathematician, and jurist who was the first to receive the honorific title 'Allamah' (Most Erudite) and converted Ilkhanid Mongol ruler Oljeitu to Islam.

Najaf, Iraq

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Osman I

عثمان بن أرطغرل (عثمان غازي)

Sultanate of Rum

c. 1258 CE – c. 1324 CE (66 years old)

Founder of the Ottoman Empire and first ruler of the Ottoman dynasty, who expanded his small Turkmen principality in Sogut against the Byzantine Empire and had the prophetic 'Osman's Dream'.

Tophane Park (Bursa), Turkey

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Literature & Poetry

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Ibn Ajurrum

ابن آجروم

Morocco

1273 – 1323 (50 years old)

Sanhaja Berber grammarian and jurist of Fez whose concise grammatical manual, Al-Ajurrumiyya, became the most universally studied introduction to classical Arabic grammar for seven centuries.

Fez, Morocco

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Arts & Music

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Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri (Dante)

Dante Alighieri

Italy

May/June 1265 – 14 September 1321 (~56 years old)

Supreme Italian poet whose epic masterpiece, the Divine Comedy (Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso), created the modern Italian language and stands as the greatest literary synthesis of the medieval Christian worldview.

Ravenna, Italy

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Sciences & Discovery

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Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi

ابن البناء المراكشي

Morocco

1256 – 1321 (64 years old)

Brilliant Moroccan mathematician and astronomer who introduced innovative algebraic notation, combinatorial formulas, and fractions in his masterwork 'Talkhis A'mal al-Hisab', honored with a lunar crater named Al-Marrakushi.

Marrakech, Morocco

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Science

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Kamal al-Din al-Farisi

كمال الدين الفارسي

Iran

1267 – 12 January 1319 (52 years old)

Brilliant Persian physicist and mathematician who formulated the first correct mathematical explanation of the rainbow in 'Tanqih al-Manazir'.

Tabriz, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Abu Hammu Musa I

أبو حمو موسى الأول بن عثمان

Algeria

c. 1266 – 1318 (~52 years old)

Fourth Zayyanid Sultan who rebuilt Tlemcen after the historic eight-year siege, pacified the central Maghreb, and extended borders to the Chélif river.

Tlemcen, Algeria

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Philosophy & Thought

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Madhvacharya

मध्वाचार्य

India

c. 1238 – c. 1317 (79 years old)

Revolutionary 13th-century philosopher-saint who founded Dvaita (Pure Dualism) Vedanta, establishing the Krishna Temple at Udupi and teaching the 'Pancha-Bheda'—the five fundamental, eternal distinctions of reality.

Udupi (Karnataka), India

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Sri Madhvacharya (Acharya of Dvaita / Ananda Tirtha)

मध्वाचार्य (Madhvācārya)

India

c. 1238 CE – c. 1317 CE (79 years old)

Thirteenth-century philosopher-reformer who founded the Dvaita (Dualism) school of Vedanta. Formulated the five eternal distinctions (Pancha Bheda), asserting the absolute independent reality of God and the eternal distinction of souls.

Udupi, India

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Philip IV of France (Philip the Fair)

Philippe IV le Bel

France

c. 1268 – 1314 (46 years old)

Capetian King of France whose ruthless state centralization created the Estates-General, relocated the Papacy to Avignon, and crushed the Knights Templar.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

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Literature & Poetry

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Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Ghubrini

أبو العباس أحمد بن أحمد الغبريني

Algeria

1246 – 1314 (68 years old)

13th-century Chief Judge of Bejaïa and chronicler whose biographical encyclopedia 'Unwan al-Dirayah' documents the intellectual golden age of medieval Algeria.

Bejaïa, Algeria

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Literature & Poetry

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Ibn Adhari al-Marrakushi

ابن عذاري المراكشي

Morocco

c. 1260 – c. 1312 (52 years old)

Monumental 13th-century Moroccan historian whose magnum opus al-Bayan al-Mughrib provides the most detailed, irreplaceable chronicle of Islamic North Africa and Andalusia from the 7th to the 13th century.

Fez, Morocco

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Politics

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Abu al-Rabi Sulayman

أبو الربيع سليمان المريني

Morocco

March 1289 – 1310 (21 years old)

Youthful Marinid Sultan (1308–1310) who successfully suppressed rebel princes, recovered Ceuta from Nasrid control, and restored internal stability across northern Morocco.

Rabat, Morocco

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn Ata Allah

ابن عطاء الله السكندري

Egypt

c. 1259 – 1309 (50 years old)

Third master of the Shadhiliyya and Maliki jurist at al-Azhar whose profound aphorisms 'Al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya' are revered as the supreme crown of Islamic wisdom literature.

Cairo, Egypt

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