Historical Archives & Public Figures

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Spain

1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934 (82 years old)

Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate who established the Neuron Doctrine—proving that the nervous system is composed of discrete individual nerve cells (neurons) communicating across synapses.

Madrid, Spain

33 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

40

🕯️ 513

Marie Skłodowska-Curie

Maria Skłodowska-Curie

Poland

1867 – 1934 (66 years old)

Trailblazing physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics & Chemistry), and the first female professor at the University of Paris.

Passy, France

40 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,283

🕯️ 88

Fritz Haber

Poland

1868 – 1934 (65 years old)

German chemist who invented the Haber-Bosch process synthesizing ammonia from air, feeding half the modern human population.

Basel, Switzerland

4,283 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

28

🕯️ 0

Carl Correns

Carl Erich Correns

Germany

1864 – 1933 (68 years old)

German botanist and geneticist who independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity in 1900, discovered non-Mendelian cytoplasmic (maternal) inheritance, and served as the first director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology.

Berlin, Germany

28 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,441

🕯️ 66

Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross

Bangladesh

1857 – 1932 (75 years old)

British physician who proved that malaria parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes, becoming the first British Nobel laureate in 1902.

Wandsworth, London, United Kingdom

3,441 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

32

🕯️ 0

Kitasato Shibasaburo

北里柴三郎

Japan

1853 – 1931 (78 years old)

Pioneering Japanese physician and bacteriologist who co-discovered the bubonic plague pathogen and developed serum therapy against tetanus and diphtheria alongside Emil von Behring.

Tokyo, Japan

32 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

20

🕯️ 0

Amar ou Said Boulifa

عمار بن سعيد بوليفة

Algeria

c. 1865 – 1931 (66 years old)

Pioneering Algerian scholar, teacher, and ethnographer who published foundational studies on Kabyle linguistics, oral poetry of Si Mohand, and the ancient history of the Berber nation.

Algiers, Algeria

20 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,045

🕯️ 168

Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson

Poland

1852 – 1931 (78 years old)

Master experimentalist whose Michelson-Morley interferometer experiment disproved the luminiferous aether.

Altadena, California, United States

2,045 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,352

🕯️ 33

Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Netherlands

1853 – 1928 (74 years old)

Dutch physicist who unified Maxwell's electromagnetism with electron theory and formulated the Lorentz transformations.

Haarlem, Netherlands

1,352 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,847

🕯️ 152

Svante Arrhenius

Svante August Arrhenius

Sweden

1859 – 1927 (68 years old)

Swedish Nobel laureate who founded physical chemistry with his theory of electrolytic dissociation and first quantified CO2 global warming.

Uppsala, Sweden

2,847 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,701

🕯️ 113

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Netherlands

1853 – 1926 (72 years old)

Dutch low-temperature pioneer who liquefied helium and discovered superconductivity.

Voorschoten, South Holland, Netherlands

3,701 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,309

🕯️ 70

Camillo Golgi

Italy

1843 – 1926 (82 years old)

Italian cytologist and Nobel laureate who discovered the Golgi apparatus in cells and invented the silver nitrate staining method for neurons.

Pavia, Lombardy, Italy

3,309 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

27

🕯️ 0

Felix Klein

Christian Felix Klein

Germany

1849 – 1925 (76 years old)

German mathematician who unified geometry through group theory in his Erlangen Program and discovered the non-orientable one-sided closed surface known as the Klein bottle.

Gottingen, Germany

27 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

30

🕯️ 0

Oliver Heaviside

Great Britain

1850 – 1925 (74 years old)

Self-taught English mathematician and electrical engineer who condensed Maxwell's 20 original quaternion equations into the modern four vector calculus equations of electromagnetism and predicted the ionosphere.

Paignton (Devon), United Kingdom

30 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,125

🕯️ 48

Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Germany

1845 – 1923 (77 years old)

German mechanical engineer and physicist who discovered X-rays, revolutionizing diagnostic medicine.

Giessen, Hesse, Germany

2,125 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

31

🕯️ 0

Jokichi Takamine

高峰譲吉

Japan

1854 – 1922 (67 years old)

Japanese chemist and industrial biotechnology pioneer who successfully isolated and purified the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine), the first pure hormone extracted from natural tissue.

Bronx (New York), United States

31 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,115

🕯️ 74

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

United States

1868 – 1921 (53 years old)

American astronomer whose discovery of the Cepheid variable period-luminosity relation provided the 'standard candle' to measure the universe.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

4,115 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

30

🕯️ 0

Dmitri Ivanovsky

Дмитрий Иосифович Ивановский

Russia

1864 – 1920 (55 years old)

Russian botanist who discovered viruses in 1892 by proving that the infectious agent of tobacco mosaic disease passed through unglazed porcelain Chamberland filters that trapped all known bacteria, launching the science of virology.

Rostov-on-Don, Russia

30 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries