Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Sciences & Discovery

25

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Ronald Fisher

Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher

Great Britain

1890 – 1962 (72 years old)

Titan of science acclaimed as the 'Father of Modern Statistics' and co-founder of Modern Evolutionary Synthesis, who invented analysis of variance (ANOVA), maximum likelihood estimation, randomized experimental design, and the concept of null hypothesis.

Adelaide (South Australia), Australia

25 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,214

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Arthur Compton

Arthur Holly Compton

United States

1892 – 1962 (69 years old)

American physicist who discovered the Compton effect, conclusively proving that light behaves as particles with momentum.

Wooster, Ohio, United States

4,214 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

29

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Otto Loewi

Otto Loewi

Germany

1873 – 1961 (88 years old)

German-American pharmacologist who was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Medicine for proving that nerve impulses are transmitted chemically across synapses, famously conceiving his Nobel-winning frog heart experiment in an Easter dream.

Woods Hole (Massachusetts), United States

29 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

31

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Selim Hassan

سليم حسن

Egypt

1886 – 1961 (75 years old)

Pioneering Egyptian archaeologist who became the first Egyptian professor of Egyptology at Cairo University, directed the epic excavations of the Giza Pyramids and Great Sphinx, and authored the 16-volume 'Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt'.

Cairo, Egypt

31 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

31

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Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger

Austria

12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961 (73 years old)

Austrian Nobel laureate who created quantum wave mechanics, formulated the Schrödinger wave equation governing wavefunctions, and proposed the celebrated Schrödinger's cat thought experiment.

Vienna, Austria

31 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,722

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Walter Baade

Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade

Germany

1893 – 1960 (67 years old)

German astronomer who discovered stellar populations I and II, doubling the calculated size and age of the universe.

Bad Salzuflen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

3,722 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,584

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Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli

Austria

1900 – 1958 (58 years old)

Brilliant theoretical physicist who formulated the Pauli exclusion principle and predicted the existence of the neutrino.

Zollikon, Zurich, Switzerland

1,584 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

32

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Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Elsie Franklin

Great Britain

25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958 (37 years old)

Brilliant British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose historic Photo 51 provided the vital experimental proof revealing the helical double-helix architecture of DNA.

Chelsea (London), United Kingdom

32 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,310

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Gerty Cori

Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori

Czech Republic

1896 – 1957 (61 years old)

First American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, discovering the Cori cycle of carbohydrate metabolism with Carl Cori.

St. Louis, Missouri, United States

1,310 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

8

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Maurice Audin

موريس أودان

Tunisia

1932 – 1957 (25 years old)

Brilliant 25-year-old mathematician and assistant lecturer at the University of Algiers whose torture and murder by French paratroopers led to a worldwide campaign against state torture.

Algiers, Algeria

8 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

35

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John von Neumann

Neumann János Lajos

Hungary

28 December 1903 – 8 February 1957 (53 years old)

Hungarian-American mathematical titan who established the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, co-founded game theory, and designed the Von Neumann stored-program computer architecture.

Washington, D.C., United States

35 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

30

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Kiyoshi Shiga

志賀 潔

Japan

1871 – 1957 (85 years old)

Japanese physician and bacteriologist who discovered Shigella dysenteriae, the pathogen responsible for epidemic bacillary dysentery, and isolated the lethal Shiga toxin.

Tokyo, Japan

30 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,603

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Irène Joliot-Curie

Irène Joliot-Curie

France

1897 – 1956 (58 years old)

French nuclear chemist and physicist who discovered artificial radioactivity, winning the 1935 Nobel Prize with Frédéric Joliot.

Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France

1,603 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

8

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Touria Chaoui

ثريا الشاوي

Morocco

1936 – 1956 (19 years old)

Heroic Moroccan aviation pioneer who made global history in 1951 at age fifteen by becoming the first female pilot in the Arab and African worlds, tragically assassinated on the eve of independence.

Casablanca, Morocco

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Sciences & Discovery

28

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Meghnad Saha

মেঘনাদ সাহা

Bangladesh

1893 – 1956 (62 years old)

Indian astrophysicist best known for developing the Saha ionization equation, which relates the chemical composition and temperature of stars to their spectral classes.

Kolkata, India

28 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

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Dr. Youcef Damardji

يوسف دمرجي

Algeria

1924 – 1956 (32 years old)

Patriotic pharmacist of Tlemcen who organized clandestine chemical and medical supplies for the ALN western front, executed alongside Dr. Benzerdjeb in 1956.

Tlemcen, Algeria

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

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Dr. Benaouda Benzerdjeb

الدكتور بن عودة بن زرجب

Algeria

1921 – 1956 (35 years old)

First physician-martyr of the Algerian Revolution, who used his medical clinic in Tlemcen to heal wounded fighters and run clandestine printing presses for the ALN.

Tlemcen, Algeria

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

23

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Hermann Weyl

Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl

Germany

1885 – 1955 (70 years old)

German-American mathematician and theoretical physicist who invented gauge theory, unified group theory with quantum mechanics, and served as David Hilbert's successor at Gottingen.

Zurich, Switzerland

23 Full Record →