Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

35

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Marcus Ulpius Traianus (Trajan / Optimus Princeps)

Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus

Spain

18 September 53 CE – 8 August 117 CE (63 years old)

Second of the "Five Good Emperors" and declared by the Roman Senate as Optimus Princeps (The Best Ruler). Conquered Dacia and Parthia, expanding the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent in history.

Selinus (Cilicia), Turkey

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Vespasian

Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus

Roman Empire (Italy)

0009 – 0079 (69 years old)

Roman emperor who emerged victorious from the Year of the Four Emperors, founded the Flavian Dynasty, and commissioned the Colosseum.

Rome, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

33

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Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

France

10 BCE – 0054 (~63 years old)

Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty who conquered Britain and established a professional imperial civil service.

Rome, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Augustus (Gaius Octavius / Caesar Augustus)

Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus

Italy

63 BCE – 0014 (~76 years old)

First Emperor of the Roman Empire who ended decades of civil war and established the two-century era of the Pax Romana.

Rome, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

7

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King Baga of Mauretania

ⴱⴰⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ

Algeria

c. 250 BC – c. 195 BC (~55 years old)

Early King of Mauretania who provided young Masinissa with an escort of 4,000 elite horsemen to fight his way back into Numidia to claim his throne.

Siga / Tlemcen region, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Massinissa II of Western Numidia

ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ

Algeria

c. 110 BC – c. 46 BC (~64 years old)

King of Western Numidia based at Siga, who allied with King Juba I and the Pompeians to defend Berber sovereignty against Julius Caesar.

Aïn Témouchent, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Prince Adherbal of Numidia

ⴰⴷⵉⵔⴱⴰⵍ

Algeria

c. 160 BC – c. 112 BC (~48 years old)

King of Eastern Numidia and eldest son of Micipsa, whose tragic stand during the Siege of Cirta precipitated the historic Jugurthine War.

Constantine, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Arabio of Numidia

ⵄⴰⵔⴰⴱⵢⵓ

Algeria

c. 80 BC – c. 40 BC (~40 years old)

The last independent King of Numidia, who raised a liberation army in Hispania to reclaim his ancestral throne and drive Roman adventurers from Cirta.

Constantine, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Hiempsal II of Numidia

ⵢⵉⵎⵙⴰⵍ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ

Algeria

c. 130 BC – c. 60 BC (~70 years old)

King of Numidia, scholar-historian, and author of books in the Punic and Numidian languages consulted by Roman historian Sallust.

Constantine, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Gauda of Numidia

ⴳⴰⵡⴷⴰ

Algeria

c. 145 BC – c. 88 BC (~57 years old)

King of Numidia following the Jugurthine War, grandson of Masinissa and father of King Hiempsal II, who preserved Numidian dynastic continuity.

El Khroub (Constantine), Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Zelalsen of Numidia

ⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍⵙⴰⵏ

Algeria

c. 280 BC – c. 220 BC (~60 years old)

Ancient King of the Massylian Numidians, father of King Gaia and grandfather of King Masinissa, whose royal lineage is celebrated on the Thugga monument.

Cirta / El Khroub, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

7

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Queen Tin Hinan

ⵜⵉⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⴰⵏ

Algeria

c. 350 AD – c. 400 AD (~50 years old)

Legendary 4th-century queen and founding matriarch of the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg, whose monumental royal tomb at Abalessa yielded priceless silver and gold jewelry.

Abalessa, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Kyriakos of Makuria

Κυριακός

Sudan

c. 710 CE – c. 768 CE (~58 years old)

Christian King of Makuria in northern Sudan who famously marched an army of 100,000 Nubian horsemen north to Fustat (Cairo) around 745 CE, compelling the Umayyad governor to release the imprisoned Patriarch of Alexandria.

Old Dongola, Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Queen Nawidemak

Nawidemak

Sudan

c. 70 BCE – c. 10 BCE (~60 years old)

1st-century BCE ruling Queen of Kush at Meroë, celebrated in archaeological temple reliefs for her independent female sovereignty, elaborate royal regalia, and patronage of sacred shrines.

Jebel Barkal, Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Shebitku

𓊃𓃀𓏏𓎡

Sudan

c. 745 BCE – c. 690 BCE (~55 years old)

Twenty-fifth Dynasty Nubian Pharaoh of Egypt and King of Kush who defied the Neo-Assyrian Empire, dispatching his young brother Taharqa with a Kushite army to defend Jerusalem and Judah in 701 BCE.

El-Kurru, Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Queen Tiye

𓍘𓇋𓇋

Egypt

c. 1398 BCE – c. 1338 BCE (~60 years old)

Powerful Eighteenth Dynasty Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep III, mother of Akhenaten and grandmother of Tutankhamun, renowned for her supreme diplomatic leadership documented in the Amarna Letters.

Valley of the Kings (Luxor), Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Narmer

𓈖𓂝𓂋𓏠𓂋

Egypt

c. 3150 BCE – c. 3100 BCE (~50 years old)

Founding Pharaoh of the First Dynasty who united Upper and Lower Egypt into the world's first centralized nation-state in 3100 BCE, immortalized on the iconic Narmer Palette in Cairo.

Abydos, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Zaynab an-Nafzawiyya

ⵣⴰⵢⵏⴰⴱ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ

Morocco

c. 1039 – c. 1072 (~33 years old)

Legendary Amazigh queen and political genius of the Almoravid Empire, celebrated as 'The Sorceress' for her intellect, wealth, and co-founding of Marrakesh with Yusuf ibn Tashfin.

Aghmat, Morocco

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