Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Religious Figures & Theologians

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Angela of Foligno

Angela da Foligno

Italy

1248 – 1309 (61 years old)

Franciscan tertiary and mystical teacher whose 'Book of Visions and Instructions' (Memorial) mapped thirty steps of spiritual transformation into the suffering Christ.

Foligno, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Raden Wijaya

Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Singhasari Kingdom

c. 1273 CE – 1309 (36 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who brilliantly outmaneuvered and defeated Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet in Java in 1293, founding Southeast Asia's greatest maritime empire.

Blitar (East Java), Indonesia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Raden Wijaya / Kertarajasa Jayawardhana

Indonesia

c. 1270 – c. 1309 (39 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who outsmarted and repelled Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet to unite the Indonesian archipelago.

Blitar, Indonesia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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John Duns Scotus

Ioannes Duns Scotus

Scotland

c. 1266 – 1308 (42 years old)

Scottish Franciscan master philosopher whose brilliant concepts of haecceity ('thisness') and the univocity of being, along with his defense of the Immaculate Conception, shaped Catholic dogma.

Cologne, Germany

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Abu Zayan I

أبو زيان محمد الأول

Algeria

c. 1265 – 1308 (~43 years old)

Third Zayyanid Sultan who heroically led Tlemcen through the final years of the eight-year Marinid siege until victory in 1307.

El Eubbad (Tlemcen), Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Edward I of England

Edward Longshanks (Hammer of the Scots)

Great Britain

1239 – 1307 (68 years old)

Formidable Plantagenet King who conquered Wales, summoned the Model Parliament of 1295, and campaigned fiercely in Scotland.

London, United Kingdom

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Politics

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Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr

أبو يعقوب يوسف بن يعقوب المريني

Morocco

c. 1245 – 1307 (~62 years old)

Powerful Marinid Sultan (1286–1307) who captured Marrakech, mounted campaigns in al-Andalus, and conducted the epic eight-year siege of Tlemcen, constructing the fortified siege city of al-Mansurah.

Rabat, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Abu Sa'id Uthman I

أبو سعيد عثمان الأول بن يغمراسن

Algeria

c. 1245 – 1304 (~59 years old)

Second Sultan of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen who succeeded his father Yaghmurasen in 1283 and led the epic defense of Tlemcen against Marinid siege engines.

El Eubbad (Tlemcen), Algeria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Ibn Daqiq al-Id

ابن دقيق العيد

Saudi Arabia

1228 – 1302 (74 years old)

Towering 13th-century Grand Qadi of Egypt and mujtahid who was declared the 'Renewer of the Century' (Mujaddid), renowned for his incorruptible judicial independence before Mamluk sultans.

Cairo, Egypt

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Trần Hưng Đạo (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo)

Trần Quốc Tuấn / Trần Hưng Đạo

Vietnam

1 – 1300 (72 years old)

Supreme Vietnamese military commander who authored the Proclamation to the Officers and thrice defeated the Mongol Yuan Empire's invasions of Đại Việt.

Chí Linh (Hải Dương), Vietnam

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Mansa Sakura

Sakoura (Mansa Sakura)

Mali

Unknown – 1300

Emperor of the Mali Empire (reigned c. 1285–1300) who rose from royal court bondage to seize imperial authority during a period of dynastic chaos, expanding Mali's borders to their greatest extent prior to Mansa Musa.

Niani, Guinea

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Ramkhamhaeng

พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช

Sukhothai Kingdom

c. 1239 CE – c. 1298 CE (59 years old)

Third king of the Sukhothai Kingdom known as Ramkhamhaeng the Great, who created the Thai writing system in 1283 and established the idyllic paternal 'Father Rules Children' monarchy.

Sukhothai, Thailand

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Philosophy & Thought

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Sant Dnyaneshwar

संत ज्ञानेश्वर

India

1275 – 1296 (21 years old)

Brilliant 13th-century Marathi poet-philosopher and Nath yogi who translated the Bhagavad Gita into vernacular Marathi in the 9,000-verse 'Dnyaneshwari' at age fifteen, founding the egalitarian Varkari Bhakti movement.

Alandi (Pune, Maharashtra), India

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Dnyaneshwar

ज्ञानेश्वर

India

1275 – 1296 (21 years old)

Maharashtrian Bhakti saint, poet, and Nath yogi who translated the Bhagavad Gita into vernacular Marathi in 'Dnyaneshwari' at age fifteen, founding the Varkari tradition.

Alandi, India

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

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Abu Hafs Umar I al-Mustansir

أبو حفص عمر بن يحيى الحفصي

Tunisia

c. 1240 AD – 1295 AD (~55 years old)

Hafsid Sultan (1284–1295 AD) who recovered Tunis from the usurpation of Ibn Abi Umara, signed commercial treaties with Aragon and Genoa, and patronized religious institutions.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Kublai Khan (Setsen Khan / Emperor Shizu of Yuan)

Хубилай хаан / 元世祖 忽必烈

Mongolia

23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294 (78 years old)

Grandson of Genghis Khan who completed the conquest of China, founding the Yuan Dynasty. Established modern Beijing (Dadu / Khanbaliq) as imperial capital, introduced universal paper currency (Chao), and hosted European traveler Marco Polo.

Khanbaliq (Dadu / Beijing), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Qalawun

المنصور قلاوون

China

1222 CE – November 10, 1290 CE (68 years old)

Mighty Bahri Mamluk Sultan who established the long-lasting Qalawunid dynasty, defeated the Mongol Ilkhanate at the Battle of Homs, captured the Crusader County of Tripoli, and built the magnificent Qalawun Complex and public hospital in Cairo.

Cairo, Egypt

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Sciences & Discovery

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Ibn al-Nafis

ابن النفيس

Syria

1213 – 1288 (75 years old)

Islamic physician and polymath who spent his career in Cairo as Chief Physician of Egypt, celebrated for discovering the pulmonary circulation of blood three centuries before William Harvey.

Cairo, Egypt

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