Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

8

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Al-Mu'izz ibn Ziri

المعز بن زيري المغراوي

Morocco

c. 975 – 1026 (~51 years old)

Maghrawa Zenata ruler who governed Fez and northern Morocco from 999 to 1026, building the defensive walls of Fez and welcoming Andalusian scholars fleeing the collapse of the Cordoba Caliphate.

Fez, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

32

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Basil II (The Bulgar Slayer)

Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος

Turkey

c. 958 CE – 1025 (67 years old)

Longest-reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who created the Varangian Guard and brought the medieval empire to its military zenith.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

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Philosophy & Thought

4

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Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi

أبو حيان التوحيدي

Iraq

c. 923 – 1023 (100 years old)

Greatest 10th-century Arab humanist essayist, author of Al-Imta' wa-al-Mu'anasa, celebrated for his philosophical skepticism and psychological insight.

Shiraz, Iran

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Religious Figures & Theologians

25

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Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nu'man

الشيخ المفيد

Iraq

0948 – 1022 (74 years old)

Foremost Twelver Shia theologian and jurist in Buyid Baghdad whose masterworks 'Kitab al-Irshad' and 'Tashih al-I'tiqad' established rationalist theology and legal methodology.

Baghdad, Iraq

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Religious Figures & Theologians

23

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Symeon the New Theologian

Συμεὼν ὁ Νέος Θεολόγος

Turkey

c. 949 CE – 1022 (73 years old)

Byzantine mystic, abbot of Saint Mamas, and poet of divine light whose 'Hymns of Divine Love' urged personal, conscious experience of the Holy Spirit.

Paloukion, Turkey

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Religious Figures & Theologians

25

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Sidi Mahrez

سيدي محرز بن خلف

Tunisia

c. 951 CE – 1022 CE (71 years old)

Supreme patron saint of Tunis whose moral courage, theological erudition, and protection of the Jewish community within the medina earned him the eternal title 'Sultan of the Medina'.

Medina of Tunis, Tunisia

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Science

3

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Leif Erikson

Leifr Eiríksson

Iceland

0970-01-01 – 1020-01-01 (50 years old)

Legendary Norse explorer who sailed west from Greenland around the year 1000 to become the first European to set foot on continental North America, naming the new land Vinland.

Qassiarsuk, Greenland

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

14

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Zawi ibn Ziri

زاوي بن زيري

Algeria

c. 955 – 1020 (~65 years old)

Sanhaja Berber prince and general who crossed into Al-Andalus, founded the independent Taifa of Granada in 1013, and relocated the city to the slopes of the Alhambra.

Algiers, Algeria

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Literature & Poetry

4

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Baba Taher

باباطاهر عریان

Iran

c. 944 – c. 1019 (75 years old)

Venerated 11th-century wandering dervish and lyric poet whose passionate, rustic do-bayti quatrains became foundation stones of Persian folk singing.

Hamadan, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

6

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Badis ibn Ziri

باديس بن المنصور بن بلكين بن زيري

Algeria

c. 975 – 1016 (~41 years old)

Third Zirid Emir who governed central North Africa from Achir, brother of Hammad ibn Buluggin and defender of Sanhaja unity.

Aïn Boucif (Médéa), Algeria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

30

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Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Sharif al-Radi

الشريف الرضي

Iraq

0970 – 1015 (45 years old)

Great Arab poet, scholar, and statesman of Baghdad who compiled 'Nahj al-Balagha' (The Peak of Eloquence), assembling the immortal sermons and letters of Ali ibn Abi Talib.

Baghdad, Iraq

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Religious Figures & Theologians

27

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Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Hakim

الحاكم النيسابوري

🌐 Samanid Empire

0933 – 1014 (81 years old)

Distinguished Hadith master, judge, and historian whose 'Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn' collected authentic traditions meeting the criteria of Bukhari and Muslim.

Nishapur, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

30

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Rajaraja Chola I (Rajaraja the Great)

முதலாம் இராஜராஜ சோழன்

India

c. 947 CE – c. 1014 (67 years old)

Legendary emperor of the Chola Empire who transformed southern India into a maritime superpower and erected the majestic Brihadisvara Temple.

Thanjavur, India

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Religious Figures & Theologians

32

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Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Baqillani

أبو بكر الباقلاني

Iraq

c. 950 CE – 1013 (63 years old)

Foremost Ash'ari theologian, Maliki judge, and diplomat whose 'I'jaz al-Quran' established the theological doctrine of the Quran's inimitable literary miracle.

Baghdad, Iraq

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Sciences & Discovery

34

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Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)

أبو القاسم خلف بن عباس الزهراوي

Spain

936 CE – 1013 CE (77 years old)

'Father of Operative Surgery' of Islamic Spain whose 30-volume Al-Tasrif introduced over 200 surgical instruments, catgut internal sutures, and shaped surgery across Europe for 500 years.

Cordoba (Andalusia), Spain

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Philosophy & Thought

14

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Al-Qabisi

أبو الحسن علي القابسي

Tunisia

0935 – 1012 (76 years old)

Eminent 10th-century Kairouanese jurist and educator who authored Al-Risalah al-Mufassilah, the earliest systematic Islamic educational treatise on pedagogical ethics and equal schooling for girls.

Kairouan, Tunisia

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Sciences & Discovery

32

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Ibn Yunus

ابن يونس المصري

Egypt

c. 950 CE – 1009 (59 years old)

Fatimid Egyptian astronomer and mathematician who compiled the legendary 'Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi' (The Hakemite Tables), formulated early prosthaphaeresis trigonometric identities, and observed eclipses with unprecedented accuracy.

Cairo, Egypt

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Monarchy

2

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Hugues Capet

Hugues Capet

France

c. 941 – 0996 (55 years old)

First King of the Franks of the House of Capet, elected in 987, who founded the Capetian dynasty that governed France through direct and cadet lines for over eight centuries.

Saint-Denis, France

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