Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Religious Figures & Theologians

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Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (Mawlana)

مولانا جلال‌الدین محمد رومی

Afghanistan

30 September 1207 CE – 17 December 1273 CE (66 years old)

Thirteenth-century spiritual giant whose 26,000-verse Masnavi is revered as "the Quran in the Persian tongue." Transformed through mystical communion with Shams of Tabriz into humanity's most universal poet of divine ecstasy and reconciliation.

Konya, Turkey

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Religious Figures & Theologians

34

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Abu Abd Allah al-Qurtubi

القرطبي

Spain

c. 1214 – 1273 (59 years old)

Andalusian Maliki jurist and scholar whose 20-volume 'Al-Jami li-Ahkam al-Quran' is the premier legal commentary on the Quran, renowned for objectivity and ethical guidance.

Minya, Egypt

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Religious Figures & Theologians

30

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Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Ata

Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli

Iran

c. 1209 – c. 1271 (62 years old)

Beloved Khorasani mystic, humanist, and philosopher who settled in Anatolia, founding the Bektashi order that heavily influenced the Janissaries and Ottoman culture.

Hacıbektas, Turkey

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

38

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Louis IX of France (Saint Louis / King of Peace)

Louis IX (Saint Louis)

France

25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270 (56 years old)

Capetian King of France and the only French monarch canonized as a saint. Celebrated throughout Europe as an incorruptible arbiter of international peace, builder of the luminous Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, and reformer of royal justice.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Moshe ben Nahman (Nachmanides / Ramban)

רמב״ן (משה בן נחמן)

Spain

c. 1194 CE – 4 April 1270 CE (76 years old)

Thirteenth-century Catalan rabbi, physician, and kabbalist. Defended Judaism with extraordinary courage in the Disputation of Barcelona before King James I of Aragon, authored a mystical commentary on the Torah, and revitalized Jewish life in Jerusalem.

Acre (Akko), Palestine

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Science

3

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Ibn Abi Usaybi'a

ابن أبي أصيبعة

Syria

c. 1203 – 1270 (67 years old)

Prominent 13th-century Syrian physician whose masterpiece 'Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba' is the first universal biographical history of world medicine.

Salkhad, Syria

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Politics

6

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Abu Dabbus Idris al-Wathiq

أبو دبوس إدريس الواثق

Morocco

c. 1225 – 1269 (~44 years old)

The final Almohad Caliph (1266–1269), whose defeat and death during the siege of Marrakech by Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf marked the definitive end of the Almohad Caliphate.

Marrakech, Morocco

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Literature & Poetry

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Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari

أبو الحسن الششتري

Spain

1212 – 1269 (57 years old)

Celebrated Sufi mystical poet whose vernacular zajal and muwashshah songs bridged classical Andalusian mysticism with North African and Middle Eastern spiritual song.

Damietta, Egypt

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Humanitarian & Peace

13

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Sayyida Manoubia

عائشة المنوبية (السيدة المنوبية)

Tunisia

1199 – 1267 (68 years old)

Revered 13th-century Sufi mystic and humanitarian saint of Tunis, disciple of Abu Said al-Baji and Shadhili master, celebrated for her radical asceticism, public preaching, and defense of the impoverished.

La Manouba (Tunis), Tunisia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

28

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Lalla Manoubia

لالة المنوبية (عائشة المنوبية)

Tunisia

c. 1199 – 1267 (68 years old)

Extraordinary 13th-century Tunisian female Sufi mystic and disciple of Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili who defied patriarchal norms to become a revered public spiritual authority and patron of women.

La Manouba (Tunis), Tunisia

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Military Leaders & Strategists

31

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Simon de Montfort (6th Earl of Leicester)

Simon de Montfort

France

1 – 1265 (57 years old)

French-English nobleman and military leader who defeated King Henry III at the Battle of Lewes and convened England's first representative Parliament.

Evesham, United Kingdom

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

45

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Narasimhadeva I

ନରସିଂହ ଦେବ ପ୍ରଥମ (Langula Narasimha)

India

Unknown – 1264

Powerful monarch of the Eastern Ganga dynasty of Kalinga (1238–1264) who soundly defeated the Bengal Sultanate forces and commissioned the world-renowned Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage architectural marvel.

Cuttack (Odisha), India

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Saint Alexander Nevsky

Александр Ярославич Невский

Russia

1221 – 1263 (42 years old)

Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Vladimir who crushed the Swedish invasion at the Neva and defeated the Teutonic Knights in the Battle on the Ice.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

45

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Shinran

親鸞

Japan

1173 – 1263 (89 years old)

Disciple of Honen and founder of Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) who rejected monasticism, married, and proclaimed radical salvation through the absolute 'Other-Power' (Tariki) of Amida Buddha.

Kyoto, Japan

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd al-Salam

العز بن عبد السلام

Syria

c. 1181 – 1262 (81 years old)

Revered Syrian-Egyptian jurist known as 'Sultan of the Scholars' who confronted Crusader alliances, forced Mamluk princes to auction themselves for public welfare, and inspired victory at Ain Jalut.

Cairo, Egypt

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Qutuz

سيف الدين قطز

Uzbekistan

c. 1200 CE – 1260 (60 years old)

Mamluk Sultan of Egypt who rallied the Islamic world following the Mongol sack of Baghdad, executed Hulagu Khan's envoys, and personally led the Muslim army to victory at Ain Jalut.

Al-Qusayr (Sharqia), Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Saif ad-Din Qutuz

سيف الدين قطز (محمود بن ممدود)

Uzbekistan

c. 1221 CE – 1260 (~39 years old)

Mamluk Sultan of Egypt who united the Muslim world to inflict the first major battlefield defeat upon the Mongol Empire at the Battle of Ain Jalut.

Al-Salihiyya, Sharqia, Egypt

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Humanities

3

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Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abdallah Ibn al-Abbar

ابن الأبّار البلنسي

Spain

1199 – 1260 (60 years old)

Master Andalusian-Tunisian historian, diplomat, and poet who served as Grand Secretary of the Hafsid Chancery in Tunis, author of Al-Hulla al-Siyara and Al-Takmila.

Tunis, Tunisia

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