Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Science

3

🕯️ 0

Ibn al-Shatir

ابن الشاطر

Syria

1304 – 1375 (71 years old)

Groundbreaking 14th-century Damascene astronomer whose non-Ptolemaic planetary models were mathematically identical to those later used by Copernicus.

Damascus, Syria

3 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

37

🕯️ 0

Francesco Petrarca

Francesco Petrarca

Italy

1304 – 1374 (69 years old)

Italian scholar and poet recognized as the 'Father of Humanism', whose Canzoniere established the Petrarchan sonnet and sparked the European Renaissance.

Arquà Petrarca, Italy

37 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

17

🕯️ 0

Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib

لسان الدين بن الخطيب

Spain

1313 – 1374 (60 years old)

Supreme Andalusian-Moroccan polymath and Grand Vizier of Granada who authored al-Ihata fi Akhbar Gharnata, formulated the contagion theory of the Black Death, and whose poetic epigrams adorn the Alhambra.

Fez, Morocco

17 Full Record →

Religion

3

🕯️ 0

Ibn Kathir

ابن كثير

Syria

c. 1300 – February 1373 (73 years old)

Influential 14th-century Damascene scholar whose monumental Tafsir and universal chronicle 'Al-Bidaya wa-al-Nihaya' remain widely studied.

Damascus, Syria

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

33

🕯️ 0

Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir

ابن كثير

Syria

c. 1301 – 1373 (72 years old)

Illustrious Syrian scholar, historian, and student of Ibn Taymiyyah whose 'Tafsir Ibn Kathir' and historical chronicle 'Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah' are among the most studied in Islam.

Damascus, Syria

33 Full Record →

Politics

6

🕯️ 0

Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz I al-Mustansir

عبد العزيز بن علي المريني المستنصر

Morocco

1349 – 1372 (23 years old)

Dynamic Marinid Sultan (1366–1372) who crushed rebellious viziers, restored sovereign authority over Morocco and western Algeria, captured Tlemcen, and employed Ibn Khaldun as his diplomat.

Fez, Morocco

6 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

41

🕯️ 0

Shi Nai'an

施耐庵

China

c. 1296 – c. 1372 (76 years old)

Chinese writer traditionally credited with composing Water Margin (Outlaws of the Marsh), the celebrated epic novel of righteous banditry and martial brotherhood.

Xinghua, China

41 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

30

🕯️ 0

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki)

Kazimierz III Wielki

Poland

1310 – 1370 (60 years old)

Last Piast King of Poland who doubled the country's size, founded Jagiellonian University, and protected Jewish refugees across Europe.

Kraków, Poland

30 Full Record →

Science

6

🕯️ 0

Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman al-Ladjai

عبد الرحمن اللجائي

Morocco

c. 1315 – c. 1370 (~55 years old)

Brilliant 14th-century Moroccan mechanical engineer, mathematician, and astronomer who constructed the famous Dar al-Magana hydraulic water clock opposite the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fez.

Fez, Morocco

6 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

17

🕯️ 0

Ibn Battuta

ابن بطوطة

Morocco

1304 – c. 1368–1369 (64 years old)

Universally recognized as the greatest traveler of the pre-modern world, Ibn Battuta journeyed over 73,000 miles across Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, and China, dictating the immortal Rihla.

Tangier, Morocco

17 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

33

🕯️ 0

Heinrich Seuse

Heinrich Seuse

Germany

1295 – 1366 (70 years old)

Rhineland Dominican mystic and poet of Eternal Wisdom whose 'Little Book of Eternal Wisdom' was the most widely read devotional manual in Europe before the Imitation of Christ.

Ulm, Germany

33 Full Record →

Religion

6

🕯️ 0

Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Fasi

محمد بن قاسم الفاسي

Morocco

c. 1300 – 1365 (~65 years old)

Venerated 14th-century Maliki jurist and theological grandmaster of Fez, trusted advisor to Marinid sultans Abu al-Hasan and Abu Inan Faris.

Fez, Morocco

6 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

38

🕯️ 0

Gajah Mada

Gajah Mada

Indonesia

c. 1290 CE – c. 1364 CE (74 years old)

Legendary prime minister (Mahapatih) of the Majapahit Empire who took the famous Sumpah Palapa (Palapa Oath) in 1336, vowing to taste no earthly pleasures until unifying the Nusantara archipelago.

Probolinggo (East Java), Indonesia

38 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

35

🕯️ 0

Orhan

أورخان غازي (Orhan Gazi)

Turkey

c. 1281 CE – 1362 (81 years old)

Second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty who captured Bursa, Nicaea, and Nicomedia, established the first Ottoman standing army (Janissaries), and crossed into Europe at Gallipoli in 1354.

Tophane Park (Bursa), Turkey

35 Full Record →

Politics

4

🕯️ 0

Abu Salim Ali II ibn al-Hasan

أبو سالم علي بن أبي الحسن المريني

Morocco

1335 – September 1361 (26 years old)

Marinid Sultan (1359–1361), refined poet and patron who appointed Ibn Khaldun as Chancellor of the Royal Signet (Katib al-Alama) in Fez.

Fez, Morocco

4 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

35

🕯️ 0

Johannes Tauler

Johannes Tauler

France

c. 1300 – 1361 (61 years old)

Rhineland mystic, Dominican friar, and supreme preacher of the 'Friends of God' whose vernacular sermons inspired Martin Luther and guided souls during the Black Death.

Strasbourg, France

35 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

28

🕯️ 0

Gregory Palamas

Γρηγόριος Παλαμᾶς

Turkey

0296 – 1359 (1063 years old)

Archbishop of Thessaloniki and foremost theologian of Hesychasm who articulated the distinction between God's unknowable divine essence and uncreated divine energies.

Thessaloniki, Greece

28 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

23

🕯️ 0

Abu Inan Faris

أبو عنان فارس المتوكل

Morocco

1329 – 1358 (29 years old)

Great Marinid Sultan of Morocco who unified the Maghreb under Moroccan rule, built the architectural marvels of the Bou Inania Madrasas in Fez and Meknes, and commissioned Ibn Battuta's travelogue.

Rabat, Morocco

23 Full Record →