Yuan Dynasty China
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Shi Nai'an
Suzhou, Yuan Dynasty China
Archival Overview
Chinese writer traditionally credited with composing Water Margin (Outlaws of the Marsh), the celebrated epic novel of righteous banditry and martial brotherhood.
Biographical Record
Shi Nai'an (c. 1296–c. 1372) was a Chinese writer of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Passing the imperial jinshi examinations, he briefly served as an official in Qiantang before resigning in protest against Mongol bureaucratic corruption, retiring to Jiangsu to teach, reflect, and write.
Shi is traditionally credited with creating Water Margin (Shuihu Zhuan, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh), one of the Four Great Classical Novels. Based on Song dynasty oral legends, the novel recounts the exploits of 108 righteous outlaws gathered at Mount Liang who rebel against corrupt authorities under the banner 'Deliver the Way on Behalf of Heaven'. Its vibrant vernacular dialogue and vivid characterization revolutionized Chinese storytelling.
Key Life Milestones
Water Margin Composed
Compiled the folk tales of Song Jiang and the 108 heroes into the sweeping narrative masterpiece Water Margin.
Beacon of Vernacular Literature
Finished the epic novel whose themes of righteous rebellion resonated deeply with commoners during the founding of the Ming dynasty.
Memorial Guestbook & Tributes
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialXinghua, China