Orhan

أورخان غازي (Orhan Gazi)

["Second Ottoman Sultan", "Conqueror of Bursa", "Creator of the Janissaries"]

Born c. 1281 CE

Sogut, Ottoman Beylik

Passed Away Mar 01, 1362 Bursa, Ottoman Beylik

Lifespan 81 years old

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Notice / Correction

"A sword without law is mere savagery; justice without the sword is helpless."

Archival Overview

Second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty who captured Bursa, Nicaea, and Nicomedia, established the first Ottoman standing army (Janissaries), and crossed into Europe at Gallipoli in 1354.

Biographical Record

Succeeding his father Osman I in 1324, Orhan Gazi (c. 1281–1362) captured the Byzantine imperial capital of Bursa in 1326, making it the first grand Ottoman capital with palaces, madrasas, and mosques. In 1329, he defeated Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos at the Battle of Pelekanon.

Advised by his brother Alaeddin Pasha, Orhan organized the first regular Ottoman salaried infantry (Yaya and Musallam) and minted the first silver Ottoman coin (akce). In 1354, under his son Suleyman Pasha, Ottoman troops captured the fortress of Cimpe on the Gallipoli peninsula, securing the first permanent Ottoman foothold in Europe.

Key Life Milestones

1326

Capture of Bursa

Conquered the major Byzantine metropolis, transforming the nomad principality into an urban Islamic state.

1354

First Crossing into Europe (Gallipoli)

Occupied Cimpe fortress on the Gallipoli peninsula, establishing the Ottoman bridgehead into Europe.

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Final Resting Place

Perpetual Memorial

Tomb of Orhan Gazi
Tophane Park (Bursa), Turkey

                         GPS: 40.1892, 29.0558                    

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