Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Philosophy & Thought

45

🕯️ 342

Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun

عبد الرحمن بن خلدون

Tunisia

1332 – 1406 (73 years old)

Pioneering polymath widely regarded as the foundational father of sociology, historiography, demography, and cultural philosophy. Renowned globally for his seminal work, the Muqaddimah.

Cairo, Egypt

45 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

36

🕯️ 0

Tamerlane (Timur)

تیمور لنگ (Timūr Gurkānī)

Uzbekistan

1336 – 1405 (68 years old)

Turco-Mongol conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire who never lost a battle across forty years of campaigns from Delhi to the Mediterranean, transforming Samarkand into a Renaissance jewel.

Samarkand, Uzbekistan

36 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

18

🕯️ 0

Ibn Arafa

ابن عرفة التونسي

Tunisia

1316 – 1401 (85 years old)

Unquestioned 14th-century titan of Maliki jurisprudence who served as Imam of the Ez-Zitouna Mosque and Grand Mufti of Hafsid Tunis for over forty years, author of Al-Mukhtasar al-Fiqhi.

Tunis, Tunisia

18 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

41

🕯️ 985

Geoffrey Chaucer

Geoffrey Chaucer

Great Britain

c. 1340–1343 – 25 October 1400 (~60 years old)

Venerated as the Father of English Literature, who legitimized the vernacular Middle English tongue as a vehicle for grand literary art in his vibrant comedic and psychological masterwork, The Canterbury Tales.

London, Great Britain

41 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

4

🕯️ 0

Kamal Khujandi

کمال خجندی

Tajikistan

c. 1320 – 1400 (80 years old)

Celebrated 14th-century Persian Sufi poet of Tabriz whose delicate, musical ghazals rivaled those of his contemporary Hafez of Shiraz.

Tabriz, Iran

4 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

39

🕯️ 0

Luo Guanzhong

羅貫中

China

c. 1330 – c. 1400 (70 years old)

Pioneering Chinese novelist of the Yuan-Ming transition who wrote Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.

Qingxu, China

39 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

20

🕯️ 0

Barquq

الظاهر برقوق

Russia

1339 CE – June 20, 1399 CE (60 years old)

Circassian military commander who founded the Burji (Circassian) Mamluk Dynasty of Egypt in 1382, courageously defying the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) and constructing one of the finest architectural complexes on Al-Mu'izz Street.

Northern Cemetery, Cairo, Egypt

20 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

31

🕯️ 0

Hongwu Emperor

明太祖 (朱元璋)

China

1328 – 1398 (69 years old)

Founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1398) Zhu Yuanzhang, who rose from an orphaned beggar and Buddhist novice monk to lead the Red Turban rebellion that expelled the Mongol Yuan dynasty from China, restoring native Han rule.

Nanjing (Jiangsu), China

31 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

35

🕯️ 0

Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang)

明太祖 朱元璋 (Zhu Yuanzhang)

China

1328 – 1398 (69 years old)

Peasant monk who rose to lead the Red Turban Rebellion, drove out the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and founded the native Chinese Ming Dynasty.

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

35 Full Record →

Religion

6

🕯️ 0

Sidi Mansour Ghulam al-Din

سيدي منصور غلام الدين

Tunisia

c. 1320 AD – c. 1395 AD (~75 years old)

Venerated 14th-century Sufi ascetic and spiritual patron of the maritime town of Sfax, immortalized in the world-famous Tunisian popular folk anthem 'Sidi Mansour Ya Baba'.

Sfax (Sidi Mansour), Tunisia

6 Full Record →

Politics

5

🕯️ 0

Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II al-Mustansir

أبو العباس أحمد الثاني الحفصي

Tunisia

1337 AD – 1394 (57 years old)

Great Hafsid Sultan (1370–1394 AD) who reunited the divided kingdoms of Tunis, Constantine, and Bougie, crushed tribal piracy, and repelled the Barbary Crusade of 1390 at Mahdia.

Tunis, Tunisia

5 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

36

🕯️ 0

Sir John Hawkwood (Giovanni Acuto)

Sir John Hawkwood / Giovanni Acuto

Great Britain

1 – 1394 (71 years old)

Legendary English mercenary captain (condottiero) who led the White Company in Italy, renowned for speed, tactical cunning, and professional discipline.

Florence, Italy

36 Full Record →

Religion

3

🕯️ 0

Ibn Rajab

ابن رجب الحنبلي

Iraq

1335 – 18 May 1393 (58 years old)

Revered 14th-century traditionist and ascetic scholar of Damascus, author of 'Jami' al-Ulum wa-al-Hikam' and 'Lata'if al-Ma'arif'.

Damascus, Syria

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

37

🕯️ 0

Sergius of Radonezh

Сергий Радонежский

Russia

1314 – 1392 (78 years old)

Spiritual father of medieval Russia who founded the Trinity Lavra of Saint Sergius and blessed Prince Dmitry Donskoy before the historic Battle of Kulikovo.

Sergiyev Posad, Russia

37 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

18

🕯️ 0

Abu Hammu Musa II

أبو حمو موسى الثاني

Spain

1323 – 1389 (66 years old)

Warrior sultan, gifted poet, and philosopher-king of the Zayyanid dynasty who restored the Kingdom of Tlemcen and authored the renowned mirror-for-princes Wasitat al-Suluk.

Tlemcen, Algeria

18 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

29

🕯️ 0

Abu Hammou Moussa II

أبو حمو موسى الثاني

Spain

1323 – 1389 (66 years old)

Zayyanid Sultan of Tlemcen, patron of arts and letters, celebrated poet, and author of the political treatise 'Wasitat al-Suluk', who restored Tlemcen's glory after Marinid occupations.

Tlemcen, Algeria

29 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

41

🕯️ 0

Murad I

مراد الأول (Hüdavendigâr)

Turkey

1326 – 1389 (62 years old)

Third Ottoman Sultan who transformed the Ottoman state into an empire, instituted the Devshirme and Janissary corps, conquered Adrianople (Edirne), and died victorious at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.

Bursa (and Pristina Cenotaph), Turkey

41 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

39

🕯️ 0

Saint Dmitry Donskoy

Дмитрий Иванович Донской

Russia

1350 – 1389 (38 years old)

Grand Prince of Moscow who unified the Russian principalities and won the historic Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, breaking the myth of Tatar-Mongol invincibility.

Moscow, Russia

39 Full Record →