Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Sciences & Discovery

23

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John Eccles

Sir John Carew Eccles

Australia

1903 – 1997 (94 years old)

Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the ionic mechanisms of synaptic inhibition, proving that hyperpolarizing chloride ion influx generates inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs).

Contra (Tenero-Contra, Ticino), Switzerland

23 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,999

🕯️ 51

Chien-Shiung Wu

吴健雄

China

1912 – 1997 (84 years old)

Trailblazing experimental physicist known as the 'First Lady of Physics' who disproved the conservation of parity.

Liuhe, Taicang, China

3,999 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,687

🕯️ 119

Clyde Tombaugh

Clyde William Tombaugh

United States

1906 – 1997 (90 years old)

American astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930 and hundreds of asteroids and variable stars.

Kuiper Belt (Space), United States

2,687 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,782

🕯️ 56

Carl Sagan

Carl Edward Sagan

United States

1934 – 1996 (62 years old)

American astronomer, astrobiologist, and science communicator who created Cosmos and championed the search for extraterrestrial life.

Ithaca, New York, United States

2,782 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,847

🕯️ 94

Victor Ambartsumian

Վիկտոր Համբարձումյան

Georgia

1908 – 1996 (87 years old)

Soviet-Armenian astronomer and father of theoretical astrophysics in the USSR who discovered stellar associations.

Byurakan, Aragatsotn, Armenia

3,847 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,483

🕯️ 45

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்

Pakistan

1910 – 1995 (84 years old)

Indian-American astrophysicist who discovered the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarf stars, earning the 1983 Nobel Prize.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

3,483 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,777

🕯️ 143

Hannes Alfvén

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén

Sweden

1908 – 1995 (86 years old)

Swedish plasma physicist who founded magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Danderyd, Stockholm, Sweden

2,777 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

6

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Abderrahmane Fardeheb

عبد الرحمن فرضحب

Algeria

1940 – 1994 (54 years old)

Pioneering development economist and researcher at the University of Oran whose landmark studies illuminated the informal economy and industrial transition in North Africa.

Oran, Algeria

6 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

26

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Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

Egypt

1910 – 1994 (84 years old)

British chemist and X-ray crystallographer who deciphered the atomic structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin, winning the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry as a giant of structural biology.

Ilmington (Warwickshire), United Kingdom

26 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,815

🕯️ 142

Dorothy Hodgkin

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin

Egypt

1910 – 1994 (84 years old)

British pioneer of X-ray crystallography who determined the atomic structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.

Ilmington, Warwickshire, United Kingdom

1,815 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

30

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Severo Ochoa

Severo Ochoa de Albornoz

Spain

1905 – 1993 (88 years old)

Spanish-American biochemist who discovered polynucleotide phosphorylase, synthesizing RNA in vitro and deciphering key components of the universal genetic code, winning the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Luarca (Asturias), Spain

30 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

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Dr. M'hamed Boukhobza

الدكتور امحمد بوخبزة

Algeria

1941 – 1993 (52 years old)

Distinguished sociologist, researcher on Saharan nomadic pastoralism, and Director of INESG, assassinated during the intellectual purges of 1993.

Algiers, Algeria

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

10

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Gamal Hamdan

جمال حمدان

Egypt

February 4, 1928 – April 17, 1993 (65 years old)

Towering Egyptian geographer, geopolitical theorist, and writer whose monumental four-volume encyclopedia 'The Personality of Egypt' provided an unmatched interdisciplinary analysis of Egypt's geographical, historical, and cultural identity.

Qalyub, Egypt

10 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,972

🕯️ 78

Jan Oort

Jan Hendrik Oort

Netherlands

1900 – 1992 (92 years old)

Visionary Dutch astronomer who proved the Milky Way rotates, located its center, and predicted the Oort cloud of comets.

Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands

3,972 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

33

🕯️ 960

Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock

United States

16 June 1902 – 2 September 1992 (90 years old)

American cytogeneticist whose discovery of mobile genetic elements (transposons or 'jumping genes') proved that genomes are dynamic, mutable systems, winning an unshared Nobel Prize in 1983.

Huntington (New York), United States

33 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,360

🕯️ 161

Grace Hopper

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper

United States

1906 – 1992 (85 years old)

U.S. Navy Rear Admiral and computer pioneer who invented the first compiler and popularized machine-independent languages (COBOL).

Arlington, Virginia, United States

4,360 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,535

🕯️ 92

John Bardeen

John Bardeen

United States

1908 – 1991 (82 years old)

Only person to win two Nobel Prizes in Physics, co-inventing the transistor and explaining superconductivity (BCS theory).

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

4,535 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

31

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Pavel Cherenkov

Павел Алексеевич Черенков

Russia

1904 – 1990 (85 years old)

Soviet experimental physicist who discovered Cherenkov radiation—the eerie blue light emitted when charged particles travel through a dielectric medium faster than the phase velocity of light.

Moscow, Russia

31 Full Record →