Historical Archives & Public Figures

علي باي بن حسين

Tunisia

1712 – 1782 (70 years old)

Fourth Husainid Bey of Tunis whose prosperous 23-year reign restored peace across Tunisia following the civil wars, fortified coastal ports, and patronized religious colleges in Tunis and Kairouan.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Maria Theresa of Austria

Maria Theresia von Österreich

Austria

1717 – 1780 (63 years old)

Sole female ruler of the Habsburg dominions who defended her inheritance in the War of the Austrian Succession and modernized central Europe.

Vienna, Austria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ali Bey al-Kabir

علي بك الكبير

Georgia

1728 – 1773 (45 years old)

Mamluk ruler of Egypt who declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1768, minted coins in his own name, conquered the Hijaz and Syria, and sought to modernize Egyptian military power.

Cairo, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Badi IV of Sennar

بادي الرابع (أبو شلوخ)

Sudan

c. 1705 – 1762 (~57 years old)

Formidable Sultan of the Black Sultanate of Sennar (Funj) from 1724 to 1762, who defeated the Abyssinian invasion at the Battle of the Dinder River in 1744 and expanded trans-Saharan Islamic education.

Sennar, Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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King Alaungpaya

အလောင်းမင်းတရား

Taungoo Kingdom

1714 – 1760 (45 years old)

Founder of the Konbaung Dynasty who rose from a village headman to reunite Burma for the third time, founded the modern city of Yangon (Rangoon), and drove out French and British colonial outposts.

Shwebo, Myanmar

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Moulay Abdallah of Morocco

مولاي عبد الله بن إسماعيل

Morocco

1694 – 1757 (63 years old)

Alaouite Sultan who navigated the protracted mid-18th-century crisis following Moulay Ismail's death, successfully reasserting royal authority and fathering Sultan Sidi Mohammed III.

Fez, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ali I Pasha

علي الأول باشا

Tunisia

1688 – 1756 (68 years old)

Second ruler of the Husainid dynasty who governed Tunis from 1735 to 1756, known for constructing grand madrasas (Madrasa El Bachia, Madrasa Slimania) and expanding naval commerce.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Nader Shah (The Sword of Persia)

نادر شاه افشار (Nāder Qoli Beg)

Iran

1688 – 1747 (58 years old)

Founder of the Afsharid Dynasty, military genius known as the 'Napoleon of Persia' who conquered Delhi and carried off the Peacock Throne.

Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ahmed Pasha Karamanli

أحمد باشا القره مانلي

Libya

1686 – 1745 (59 years old)

Founder of the autonomous Karamanli dynasty in 1711, who ruled Tripoli, Cyrenaica, and the Fezzan for 34 years, constructing the Ahmed Pasha Mosque and securing trans-Saharan caravan routes.

Tripoli, Libya

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ahmad Karamanli

أحمد القره مانلي

Libya

1686 – November 4, 1745 (59 years old)

Ambitious military officer and statesman who founded the autonomous Karamanli Dynasty of Tripolitania in 1711, ending Ottoman Janissary instability and inaugurating a century of Libyan commercial prosperity and maritime strength.

Tripoli, Libya

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Frederick William I of Prussia (The Soldier King)

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Frederick William I of Prussia (The Soldier King)

Friedrich Wilhelm I (Der Soldatenkönig)

Germany

1688 – 1740 (51 years old)

King in Prussia who built the formidable Prussian military and civil administrative state, father of Frederick the Great.

Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Husayn I ibn Ali

حسين بن علي الأول

Tunisia

1669 – 1740 (71 years old)

Founder of the Husainid dynasty of Tunisia in 1705, which established hereditary national monarchy and ruled the country until the proclamation of the Republic in 1957.

Kairouan, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Yongzheng Emperor

雍正帝 (胤禛)

China

1678 – 1735 (56 years old)

Fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1722–1735) whose incorruptible work ethic, anti-corruption campaigns, establishment of the Grand Council, and tax reforms transformed the Qing imperial treasury and solidified the golden age of high Qing.

Yixian (Hebei), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Moulay Ismail

مولاي إسماعيل بن الشريف

Morocco

c. 1645 – 1727 (82 years old)

Longest-reigning sovereign in Moroccan history (1672–1727), who consolidated the Alaouite Dynasty, created the formidable 150,000-man Black Guard (Jaysh al-Bukhari), expelled European garrisons from Larache and Tangier, and built the imperial capital of Meknes.

Meknes, Morocco

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Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great / Pyotr Alekseyevich)

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great / Pyotr Alekseyevich)

Пётр I Великий (Pyotr Velikiy)

Russia

9 June 1672 – 8 February 1725 (52 years old)

Tsar and first Emperor of All Russia who dragged the Tsardom out of medieval isolation into a major European empire. Modernized the military, built the Russian navy, founded the imperial capital of Saint Petersburg, and reformed science and statecraft.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Kangxi Emperor

康熙帝 (爱新觉罗·玄烨)

China

1654 – 1722 (68 years old)

Fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty whose 61-year reign is the longest in Chinese history, who consolidated Manchu rule, defeated the Three Feudatories, and commissioned the Kangxi Dictionary.

Zunhua (Hebei), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Kangxi Emperor (Aisin Gioro Xuanye)

康熙帝 (Elhe Taifin Hūwangdi)

China

4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722 (68 years old)

Longest-reigning Emperor of China (61 years) who consolidated Qing rule over China, Taiwan, and Mongolia. A brilliant polymath who mastered Manchu, Chinese, Latin, and mathematics, commissioning the monumental Kangxi Dictionary.

Old Summer Palace (Beijing), China

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