Archival Overview
Mamluk ruler of Egypt who declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1768, minted coins in his own name, conquered the Hijaz and Syria, and sought to modernize Egyptian military power.
Biographical Record
Brought to Cairo as a Georgian Mamluk slave, Ali Bey rose through the Qazdughli household to become Shaykh al-Balad (governor of Cairo) in 1760, ruthlessly eliminating rival factions to centralize power.
In 1768, taking advantage of the Russo-Turkish War, he expelled the Ottoman pasha, declared Egypt independent, allied with Zahir al-Umar in Palestine and the Russian fleet, and conquered Mecca and Damascus before being betrayed by his top general Abu al-Dhahab in 1773.
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialCairo, Egypt