Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Religious Figures & Theologians

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Theodore the Studite

Θεόδωρος ὁ Στουδίτης

Turkey

c. 759 CE – 0826 (67 years old)

Abbot of the Stoudios Monastery who reformed Eastern Christian monasticism, championing community life, book copying, and intellectual defense of holy icons.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

11

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Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman

عبد الوهاب بن عبد الرحمن بن رستم

Algeria

c. 755 – 823 (~68 years old)

Second Imam of the Rustamid state in Tahert who consolidated the Ibadi democratic imamate, founded desert trade arteries, and welcomed Christian and Sunni scholars to his court.

Tiaret, Algeria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Saicho

最澄

Japan

0767 – 0822 (54 years old)

Founder of Tendai Buddhism in Japan who established Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, championed universal Buddhahood through the Lotus Sutra, and fought for independent Mahayana ordination.

Mount Hiei (Kyoto), Japan

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Politics

5

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Dawud ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi

داود بن يزيد المهلبي

Tunisia

c. 750 AD – 821 AD (~71 years old)

Son of Yazid ibn Hatim who served as governor of Ifriqiya in 787 AD, successfully maintaining the civil administration of Kairouan and ensuring continuity of public works.

Mansura (Sindh), Pakistan

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (Nasir al-Sunnah)

محمد بن إدريس الشافعي

Palestine

c. 767 CE (150 AH) – 20 January 820 CE (204 AH) (52 years old)

Supreme legal jurist and poet who formulated the science of Islamic legal theory (Usul al-Fiqh). Reconciled the rationalist school of Iraq with the traditionalist school of the Hijaz in his seminal treatise Al-Risala.

Fustat (Cairo), Egypt

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Ali ibn Musa al-Rida

علي بن موسى الرضا

Iraq

c. 766 CE – 0818 (52 years old)

Eighth Shia Imam and revered scholar whose profound interfaith debates in Merv and famous Hadith of the Golden Chain in Nishapur confirmed the sanctuary of divine unity.

Mashhad, Iran

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Politics

4

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Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim al-Aghlabi

عبد الله الأول بن إبراهيم الأغلبي

Tunisia

c. 780 AD – 817 AD (~37 years old)

Second Aghlabid Emir (812–817 AD) who consolidated the autonomous dynastic state founded by his father Ibrahim I, maintaining domestic order from the palatial city of Al-Abbasiya.

Kairouan, Tunisia

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Military

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Harthama ibn A'yan al-Balkhi

هرثمة بن أعين البلخي

Afghanistan

c. 740 AD – June 816 AD (~76 years old)

Abbasid governor sent by Harun al-Rashid to govern Ifriqiya in 795 AD, who founded the monumental Ribat of Monastir in 796 AD, the oldest and best-preserved ribat fortress in North Africa.

Monastir, Tunisia

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Religion

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Ma'ruf al-Karkhi

معروف الكرخي

Iraq

c. 755 – 815 (60 years old)

Venerated 8th-century mystic of Baghdad who formulated the concept of divine love and spiritual sincerity in classical Sufism.

Baghdad, Iraq

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Religion

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Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Sallam al-Basri

يحيى بن سلام البصري القيرواني

Iraq

742 AD – 815 AD (73 years old)

Pioneering early Islamic Quranic commentator who settled in Kairouan, author of Tafsir Yahya ibn Sallam, one of the earliest complete Quranic commentaries in Islamic history, preserved in the Great Mosque of Kairouan.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

90

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Charlemagne (Charles the Great / Carolus Magnus)

Carolus Magnus / Karl der Große

Germany

2 April 748 CE – 28 January 814 CE (65 years old)

King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor, crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 in Rome. United Western and Central Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome, sparking the Carolingian Renaissance of scholarship and arts.

Aachen, Germany

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab

إبراهيم بن الأغلب

Iraq

c. 756 CE – 0812 (56 years old)

Abbasid governor who secured hereditary autonomy from Caliph Harun al-Rashid in 800 CE, founding the Aghlabid Dynasty in Kairouan and establishing Ifriqiya as an autonomous naval and cultural power.

Kairouan, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Harun al-Rashid (Fifth Abbasid Caliph)

هارون الرشيد (The Just / Aaron the Upright)

Iran

17 March 766 CE – 24 March 809 CE (43 years old)

Fifth Abbasid Caliph whose reign marked the zenith of the Islamic Golden Age. Established the legendary House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma) in Baghdad, exchanged diplomatic gifts with Charlemagne, and inspired the tales of the Thousand and One Nights.

Tous (Khorasan), Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Emperor Kammu

桓武天皇

Japan

0737 – 0806 (69 years old)

Fiftieth Emperor of Japan (781–806 CE) who broke the political stranglehold of the Buddhist temples of Nara by relocating the imperial capital to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794, inaugurating the glorious four-century Heian period of classical Japanese culture.

Kyoto (Fushimi), Japan

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Military

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Imran ibn Mujalid al-Kindi

عمران بن مجالد الكندي

Tunisia

c. 760 AD – c. 805 AD (~45 years old)

Powerful Arab commander of the military garrison (Jund) of Tunis who rebelled against Abbasid central control, asserting regional autonomy for northern Tunisia in the late 8th century.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Music

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Ibrahim al-Mawsili

إبراهيم الموصلي

Iraq

c. 742 – 804 (62 years old)

Celebrated 8th-century musician and singer whose mastery shaped the musical aesthetic of the Abbasid imperial court in Baghdad.

Baghdad, Iraq

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Rashid the Regent

راشد مولى إدريس الأول

Saudi Arabia

c. 755 – 802 (~47 years old)

Faithful companion of Idris I who helped him escape Baghdad, raised and educated infant Idris II with Kenza, and served as Regent of Morocco until his assassination in 802 AD.

Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Rabia al-Adawiyya (The Crown of Men)

رابعة العدوية القيسية

Iraq

c. 716 CE (96 AH) – c. 801 CE (185 AH) (85 years old)

Eighth-century mystic of Basra who revolutionized Sufi spirituality by introducing the concept of pure, unselfish Divine Love (Mahabba / Ishq)—worshiping God neither out of fear of Hell nor desire for Paradise, but purely for His beauty.

Jerusalem, Palestine

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