Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

15

🕯️ 0

Khamarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

خمارويه بن أحمد بن طولون

Iraq

864 – 0896 (32 years old)

Second Tulunid sovereign of Egypt and Syria (884–896) whose opulent reign made Cairo an architectural wonderland with exotic botanical gardens, royal menageries, and a legendary liquid mercury air-bed.

Cairo, Egypt

15 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

29

🕯️ 0

Khumarawayh

خمارويه بن أحمد بن طولون

Iraq

c. 864 CE – January 18, 896 CE (~32 years old)

Second ruler of the Tulunid Dynasty who consolidated Egyptian dominion over Syria and the Jazira, renowned for his legendary patronage of palatial architecture, exotic zoological gardens, and the famous royal mercury pool.

Cairo, Egypt

29 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

24

🕯️ 0

Ahmad ibn Tulun

أحمد بن طولون

Iraq

September 20, 835 CE – May 10, 884 CE (48 years old)

Visionary military commander and statesman who founded the Tulunid Dynasty in 868 CE, establishing Egypt as an autonomous sovereign Islamic power independent of Abbasid control for the first time, and builder of the majestic Ibn Tulun Mosque.

Cairo, Egypt

24 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

10

🕯️ 0

Ali ibn Umar al-Idrisi

علي بن عمر بن إدريس

Morocco

c. 830 – 883 (~53 years old)

Sixth Idrisid Sultan who came from the northern province of the Rif to restore order in Fez in 866 AD, reigning with prudence until 883 AD.

Fez, Morocco

10 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

🕯️ 0

Yahya II of Morocco

يحيى الثاني بن يحيى الأول

Morocco

c. 845 – 866 (~21 years old)

Fifth Idrisid Sultan who ruled Morocco from Fez from 863 to 866 AD, overseeing municipal expansion during the completion of the great Qarawiyyin and Andalus mosques.

Fez, Morocco

5 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

12

🕯️ 0

Yahya I of Morocco

يحيى بن محمد الأول

Morocco

c. 825 – 864 (~39 years old)

Fifth Idrisid sovereign of Morocco whose peaceful and prosperous reign witnessed the founding of the University of al-Qarawiyyin by Fatima al-Fihriya in Fez in 859 CE.

Fez, Morocco

12 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

33

🕯️ 0

Ziyadat Allah I

زيادة الله الأول

Tunisia

0788 – 0838 (50 years old)

Aghlabid Emir of Ifriqiya (817–838 CE) who launched the historic Muslim conquest of Sicily in 827 CE and rebuilt the magnificent Great Mosque of Kairouan in its enduring stone splendour.

Kairouan, Tunisia

33 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

🕯️ 0

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Azhar

محمد بن إدريس الأزهر

Morocco

805 – 836 (31 years old)

Third Sultan of the Idrisid dynasty who succeeded his father Idris II in 828 AD, dividing administrative governorships among his brothers upon the advice of his grandmother Kenza.

Fez, Morocco

5 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

45

🕯️ 0

Al-Ma'mun (The Scholar Caliph)

عبد الله المأمون بن هارون الرشيد

Iraq

0786 – 0833 (46 years old)

Abbasid Caliph who presided over the zenith of the Islamic Golden Age, expanding the House of Wisdom and measuring the circumference of the Earth.

Tarsus, Cilicia, Turkey

45 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

28

🕯️ 0

Idris II of Morocco

إدريس الثاني بن إدريس

Morocco

0791 – 0828 (37 years old)

Posthumous son of Idris I who assumed sovereignty at age eleven, founded the imperial capital city of Fez in 808 CE, and consolidated the administrative, judicial, and cultural institutions of Morocco.

Fez, Morocco

28 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

11

🕯️ 0

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman

عبد الوهاب بن عبد الرحمن بن رستم

Algeria

c. 755 – 823 (~68 years old)

Second Imam of the Rustamid state in Tahert who consolidated the Ibadi democratic imamate, founded desert trade arteries, and welcomed Christian and Sunni scholars to his court.

Tiaret, Algeria

11 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

90

🕯️ 1,460

Charlemagne (Charles the Great / Carolus Magnus)

Carolus Magnus / Karl der Große

Germany

2 April 748 CE – 28 January 814 CE (65 years old)

King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor, crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 in Rome. United Western and Central Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome, sparking the Carolingian Renaissance of scholarship and arts.

Aachen, Germany

90 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

28

🕯️ 0

Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab

إبراهيم بن الأغلب

Iraq

c. 756 CE – 0812 (56 years old)

Abbasid governor who secured hereditary autonomy from Caliph Harun al-Rashid in 800 CE, founding the Aghlabid Dynasty in Kairouan and establishing Ifriqiya as an autonomous naval and cultural power.

Kairouan, Tunisia

28 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

37

🕯️ 1,320

Harun al-Rashid (Fifth Abbasid Caliph)

هارون الرشيد (The Just / Aaron the Upright)

Iran

17 March 766 CE – 24 March 809 CE (43 years old)

Fifth Abbasid Caliph whose reign marked the zenith of the Islamic Golden Age. Established the legendary House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma) in Baghdad, exchanged diplomatic gifts with Charlemagne, and inspired the tales of the Thousand and One Nights.

Tous (Khorasan), Iran

37 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

32

🕯️ 0

Emperor Kammu

桓武天皇

Japan

0737 – 0806 (69 years old)

Fiftieth Emperor of Japan (781–806 CE) who broke the political stranglehold of the Buddhist temples of Nara by relocating the imperial capital to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794, inaugurating the glorious four-century Heian period of classical Japanese culture.

Kyoto (Fushimi), Japan

32 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

29

🕯️ 0

Idris I of Morocco

إدريس بن عبد الله (مولاي إدريس)

Saudi Arabia

c. 745 CE – 0791 (46 years old)

Great-grandson of Prophet Muhammad through Ali and Fatima, who fled Abbasid persecution, was welcomed by the Awraba Berbers at Volubilis, and founded the Idrisid Dynasty, establishing the first sovereign Moroccan Islamic state.

Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco

29 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

36

🕯️ 0

Al-Mansur (Abu Ja'far al-Mansur)

أبو جعفر المنصور (عبد الله بن محمد)

Jordan

c. 0714 CE – 0775 (~61 years old)

Second Abbasid Caliph and true founder of the Abbasid Caliphate who designed and founded the legendary Round City of Baghdad in 762 CE.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

36 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

31

🕯️ 0

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

唐玄宗 (李隆基)

China

0685 – 0762 (76 years old)

Longest-reigning emperor of the Tang Dynasty whose Kaiyuan Era marked the pinnacle of Chinese classical poetry, painting, and opera, tragically shattered by the An Lushan Rebellion.

Pucheng County (Shaanxi), China

31 Full Record →