Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Arts & Music

30

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William Holman Hunt

William Holman Hunt

Great Britain

1827 – 1910 (83 years old)

Co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood who remained faithful to its hyper-realistic, moral principles for life, painting 'The Light of the World' and traveling to Palestine for 'The Scapegoat'.

London, United Kingdom

30 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

37

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William James

William James

United States

1842 – 1910 (68 years old)

American philosopher and psychologist who founded American psychology with The Principles of Psychology and popularized Pragmatism, radical empiricism, and The Varieties of Religious Experience.

Cambridge (Massachusetts), United States

37 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

62

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Gustave Moynier

Louis Gabriel Gustave Moynier

Switzerland

21 September 1826 – 21 August 1910 (83 years old)

Gustave Moynier was a Swiss jurist and humanitarian who co-founded the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) alongside Henri Dunant in 1863. Serving as ICRC President for forty-seven years (1863–1910), he drafted the first Geneva Convention and pioneered international humanitarian law, being the first person in history to propose a permanent international criminal court in 1872.

Geneva, Switzerland

62 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

35

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Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale

Italy

12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910 (90 years old)

Florence Nightingale was a British social reformer, statistician, and the foundational philosopher of modern professional nursing. Gaining worldwide renown as 'The Lady with the Lamp' during the Crimean War for her nightly rounds tending wounded soldiers at Scutari hospital, she pioneered epidemiological data visualization and established the world's first secular nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital.

East Wellow, Hampshire, United Kingdom

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Arts & Music

28

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Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi

Архип Иванович Куинджи

Russia

1841 – 1910 (69 years old)

Pontic Greek-Russian landscape painter whose breathtaking optical effects of glowing moonlight in 'Moonlit Night on the Dnieper' caused spectators to weep in darkened exhibition rooms.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Politics

0

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Bathoen I

Bathoen Gaseitsiwe

Botswana

1845-01-01 – 1910-07-01 (65 years old)

Revered Kgosi of the Bangwaketse who joined Khama III and Sebele I on the historic 1895 London diplomatic mission to Queen Victoria, safeguarding Botswana's land from Cecil Rhodes's company.

Kanye, Botswana

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Humanitarian & Peace

37

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Elizabeth Blackwell

Elizabeth Blackwell

Great Britain

1821 – 1910 (89 years old)

Première femme diplômée en médecine aux États-Unis (1849) et première femme inscrite à l'Ordre des médecins au Royaume-Uni, pionnière de la santé pour les femmes démunies.

Kilmun, Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom

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Arts & Music

34

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Mily Balakirev

Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev

Russia

1837 – 1910 (73 years old)

Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who formed and led 'The Five' (Mighty Handful), inspiring Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin, and composing the virtuosic 'Islamey'.

Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

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Sciences & Discovery

4,303

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Robert Koch

Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch

Germany

1843 – 1910 (66 years old)

Founder of modern bacteriology who identified the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax, formulating Koch's postulates.

Berlin, Germany

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Arts & Music

31

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Henri-Edmond Delacroix

Henri-Edmond Cross

France

1856 – 1910 (53 years old)

French Neo-Impressionist master whose mosaic-like blocks of vibrant Mediterranean color in Saint-Clair bridged Pointillism and the birth of Fauvism.

Le Lavandou, France

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Science

1

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Edouard van Beneden

Édouard Joseph Louis Marie van Beneden

Belgium

1846 – 1910 (64 years old)

Belgian cytologist and embryologist at the University of Liège who made the epochal biological discovery of meiosis in 1883, proving that gametes carry half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells.

Liège, Belgium

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Arts & Music

34

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Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel

Михаил Александрович Врубель

Russia

1856 – 1910 (54 years old)

Genius of Russian Symbolism and Art Nouveau whose fractured, crystalline brushwork and haunting series of 'The Demon' anticipated Cubism and modernism.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Literature & Poetry

2

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Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson

Norway

1832-12-08 – 1910-04-26 (77 years old)

Giant of Norwegian letters and civic life who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903, wrote the national anthem 'Ja, vi elsker dette landet', and championed democratic freedom across Europe.

Oslo, Norway

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Literature & Poetry

42

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Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain)

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain)

United States

30 November 1835 – 21 April 1910 (74 years old)

America's greatest humorist and storyteller dubbed by Ernest Hemingway the source of 'all modern American literature', whose Adventures of Huckleberry Finn used vernacular dialect and moral irony to deliver a devastating critique of racism.

Redding (Connecticut), United States

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Literature & Poetry

0

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Catherine Helen Spence

Catherine Helen Spence

United Kingdom

1825-10-31 – 1910-04-03 (84 years old)

Revered as the 'Grand Old Woman of Australasia', pioneering novelist, social crusader, and electoral reformer who stood in 1897 as Australia's first female political candidate.

Brighton, Adelaide, Australia

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Politics

4

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Si Feddoul Gharnit

الفضول غرنيط

Morocco

c. 1845 – 1910 (~65 years old)

Grand Vizier and Minister of Foreign Affairs (Wazir al-Bahr) who led Moroccan diplomacy during the existential crises of the Madrid Conference and Algeciras Conference (1906).

Fez, Morocco

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Resistance & Human Rights

32

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Red Cloud

Mahpiya Luta

United States

1822 – 1909 (87 years old)

Renowned Oglala Lakota leader who defeated the United States Army in Red Cloud's War, forcing the abandonment of forts along the Bozeman Trail.

Pine Ridge, United States

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Art

1

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P.S. Krøyer

Peder Severin Krøyer

Norway

1851-07-23 – 1909-11-21 (58 years old)

Virtuoso painter and charismatic leader of the Skagen art colony famed for capturing the magical twilight of Denmark's northernmost tip in Summer Evening on Skagen South Beach.

Skagen, Denmark

1 Full Record →