Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Statesmanship & Statesmen

8

🕯️ 930

Nizam al-Mulk

Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi

Iran

1018-04-10 – 1092-10-14 (74 years old)

Pinnacle of medieval Islamic statecraft and institutional administration; built the educational foundations that fostered minds like Al-Ghazali.

Near Sahneh, Kermanshah, Iran

8 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

25

🕯️ 1,150

William I of England (William the Conqueror / Guillaume le Conquérant)

Guillaume le Conquérant

France

c. 1028 CE – 9 September 1087 (~59 years old)

Duke of Normandy who launched the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, decisively winning the Battle of Hastings. Replaced the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy with Anglo-Norman feudalism, commissioned the Domesday Book, and built the Tower of London.

Rouen, France

25 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

9

🕯️ 650

Wang Anshi

王安石

China

1021-12-08 – 1086-05-21 (64 years old)

Pioneered welfare-state economics and proto-monetary market regulation nearly a millennium ahead of modern Western state planning.

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

9 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

3

🕯️ 0

Abd al-Malik ibn Abd Allah al-Juwayni

إمام الحرمين الجويني

🌐 Seljuk Empire

1028 – 1085 (57 years old)

Eminent Shafi'i jurist and theologian who taught in Mecca and Medina, headed the prestigious Nizamiyya Academy of Nishapur, and mentored Abu Hamid al-Ghazali.

Nishapur, Iran

3 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

3

🕯️ 0

Robert Guiscard (The Cunning)

Robert Guiscard / Robert de Hauteville

Duchy of Normandy (France)

1 – 1085 (70 years old)

Norman adventurer and conqueror who established the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, drove Byzantium and Saracens from southern Italy, and sacked Rome.

Venosa, Italy

3 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

8

🕯️ 0

Zhang Zai

張載

Song Dynasty

1020 – 1077 (57 years old)

Northern Song dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher and founder of the Hengqu School whose four-line moral manifesto and essay 'The Western Inscription' (Ximing) articulated the universal ethical kinship of all humanity with Heaven and Earth.

Meixian (Shaanxi), China

8 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

🕯️ 0

King Anawrahta Minsaw

အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော

Bagan Kingdom (Myanmar)

c. 1014 – c. 1077 (63 years old)

Founder of the Pagan Empire who unified Myanmar into a single nation, introduced Theravada Buddhism, and initiated Bagan's golden temple era.

Nyaung-U (Bagan), Myanmar

5 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

7

🕯️ 0

Zhou Dunyi

周敦頤

Song Dynasty

1017 – 1073 (56 years old)

Northern Song dynasty thinker regarded as the 'First Pioneer of Neo-Confucianism', author of the 'Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate' (Taijitu Shuo) and the celebrated ode to moral purity, 'On the Love of the Lotus'.

Jiujiang (Jiangxi), China

7 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

3

🕯️ 0

Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri

عبد الكريم بن هوازن القشيري

Samanid Empire

0986 – 1072 (86 years old)

Eminent Shafi'i jurist, Ash'ari theologian, and Sufi master whose 'Al-Risalah al-Qushayriyya' is the definitive classic handbook defining authentic spiritual path and stations.

Nishapur, Iran

3 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

3

🕯️ 0

Alp Arslan

آلب أرسلان (محمد بن داود)

Seljuk Empire

1029 – 1072 (43 years old)

Second Sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire whose historic victory over Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 opened Anatolia to Turkish settlement.

Merv, Turkmenistan

3 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

3

🕯️ 0

Alp Arslan (The Heroic Lion)

آلپ ارسلان / Muhammed bin Davud Çağrı

Seljuk Empire (Turkmenistan)

1029 – 1072 (43 years old)

Second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire whose historic victory over Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 opened Anatolia to Turkish settlement.

Merv, Turkmenistan

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

3

🕯️ 0

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi

الشيخ الطوسي

🌐 Samanid Empire

c. 995 CE – 1067 (72 years old)

Supreme Shia jurist and theologian who authored two of the Four Canonical Books (Al-Tahdhib and Al-Istibsar) and founded the legendary Hawza of Najaf after fleeing Baghdad in 1056.

Najaf, Iraq

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

3

🕯️ 0

Ahmad ibn Husayn al-Bayhaqi

أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي

🌐 Khorasan

c. 994 CE – 1066 (72 years old)

Major Shafi'i jurist and traditionist whose 'Al-Sunan al-Kubra' in ten volumes is the most comprehensive legal Hadith encyclopedia ever assembled.

Sabzevar, Iran

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

5

🕯️ 0

Ali ibn Ahmad Ibn Hazm

ابن حزم الأندلسي

🌐 Caliphate of Cordoba

0994 – 1064 (69 years old)

Andalusian polymath, poet, and Zahiri jurist whose 'Al-Muhalla' codified literalist jurisprudence and whose 'Al-Fasl' pioneered the academic discipline of comparative religion.

Niebla, Spain

5 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

15

🕯️ 920

Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Hazm al-Andalusi

ابن حزم الأندلسي

Spain

7 November 994 – 15 August 1064 (69 years old)

Brilliant Andalusian polymath and literalist (Zahiri) thinker of Islamic Spain whose psychological masterpiece on romantic courtly love, Tawq al-Hamamah (The Ring of the Dove), influenced European troubadour poetry.

Montíjar (Huelva), Spain

15 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

6

🕯️ 0

Bao Zheng

包拯

Song Dynasty China

0999 – 1062 (63 years old)

Legendary Song dynasty magistrate and prefect of Kaifeng celebrated across Chinese history as 'Justice Bao' (Bao Qingtian), the symbol of absolute judicial incorruptibility.

Hefei, China

6 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3

🕯️ 0

Ali ibn Ridwan

علي بن رضوان

Fatimid Caliphate

0988 – 1061 (73 years old)

Self-taught Egyptian polymath and Chief Royal Physician of the Fatimid Caliphate, renowned for his detailed astronomical recording of the supernova SN 1006 and his commentary on Galen.

Cairo, Egypt

3 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

3

🕯️ 0

Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri

أبو العلاء المعري

Irak

0973 – 1057 (83 years old)

Blind Arab philosopher-poet, rationalist, and vegan whose masterpiece Resalat Al-Ghufran (The Epistle of Forgiveness) foreshadowed Dante's Divine Comedy.

Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Syria

3 Full Record →