Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Kusunoki Masashige (The Great Loyalist)

楠木正成

Japan

1 – 1336 (42 years old)

Fourteenth-century samurai general and master of mountain siege defense who defended Emperor Go-Daigo and died heroically at the Battle of Minatogawa.

Kobe, Japan

3 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

6

Al-Nuwayri

شهاب الدين النويري

🌐 Mamluk Sultanate

1279 – 1333 (54 years old)

Egyptian Mamluk polymath, financial administrator, and encyclopedist who authored 'Nihayat al-Arab fi Funun al-Adab', a monumental thirty-three-volume encyclopedia preserving medieval Islamic science, history, and administration.

Cairo, Egypt

6 Full Record →

6

Robert I of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)

Roibert a Briuis (Robert de Brus)

Kingdom of Scotland

1274 – 1329 (54 years old)

Hero King of Scotland who liberated his nation from English dominion and secured independence at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

Dunfermline, Fife, United Kingdom

6 Full Record →

Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Shaykh al-Islam)

14

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Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Shaykh al-Islam)

تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد الحليم بن تيمية

Turkey

22 January 1263 CE (661 AH) – 26 September 1328 CE (728 AH) (65 years old)

Formidable Hanbali jurist and theologian who led intellectual resistance against Mongol hegemony and theological syncretism. Authored Majmu al-Fatawa, advocating a return to the direct methodology of early Islam (Salaf).

Damascus, Syria

14 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf al-Hilli

العلامة الحلي

Irak

1248 – 1325 (77 years old)

Legendary Iraqi philosopher, mathematician, and jurist who was the first to receive the honorific title 'Allamah' (Most Erudite) and converted Ilkhanid Mongol ruler Oljeitu to Islam.

Najaf, Iraq

3 Full Record →

4

Osman I

عثمان بن أرطغرل (عثمان غازي)

Sultanate of Rum

c. 1258 CE – c. 1324 CE (66 years old)

Founder of the Ottoman Empire and first ruler of the Ottoman dynasty, who expanded his small Turkmen principality in Sogut against the Byzantine Empire and had the prophetic 'Osman's Dream'.

Tophane Park (Bursa), Turkey

4 Full Record →

Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri (Dante)

Arts & Music

13

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Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri (Dante)

Dante Alighieri

Italy

May/June 1265 – 14 September 1321 (~56 years old)

Supreme Italian poet whose epic masterpiece, the Divine Comedy (Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso), created the modern Italian language and stands as the greatest literary synthesis of the medieval Christian worldview.

Ravenna, Italy

13 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi

ابن البناء المراكشي

🌐 Morroco

1256 – 1321 (64 years old)

Brilliant Moroccan mathematician and astronomer who introduced innovative algebraic notation, combinatorial formulas, and fractions in his masterwork 'Talkhis A'mal al-Hisab', honored with a lunar crater named Al-Marrakushi.

Marrakech, Morocco

3 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

4

Madhvacharya

मध्वाचार्य

Hoysala Era

c. 1238 – c. 1317 (79 years old)

Revolutionary 13th-century philosopher-saint who founded Dvaita (Pure Dualism) Vedanta, establishing the Krishna Temple at Udupi and teaching the 'Pancha-Bheda'—the five fundamental, eternal distinctions of reality.

Udupi (Karnataka), India

4 Full Record →

Sri Madhvacharya (Acharya of Dvaita / Ananda Tirtha)

12

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Sri Madhvacharya (Acharya of Dvaita / Ananda Tirtha)

मध्वाचार्य (Madhvācārya)

India

c. 1238 CE – c. 1317 CE (79 years old)

Thirteenth-century philosopher-reformer who founded the Dvaita (Dualism) school of Vedanta. Formulated the five eternal distinctions (Pancha Bheda), asserting the absolute independent reality of God and the eternal distinction of souls.

Udupi, India

12 Full Record →

Philip IV of France (Philip the Fair)

Philippe IV le Bel

Kingdom of France

c. 1268 – 1314 (46 years old)

Capetian King of France whose ruthless state centralization created the Estates-General, relocated the Papacy to Avignon, and crushed the Knights Templar.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

3 Full Record →

5

Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn Ata Allah

ابن عطاء الله السكندري

🌐 Mamluk Sultanate

c. 1259 – 1309 (50 years old)

Third master of the Shadhiliyya and Maliki jurist at al-Azhar whose profound aphorisms 'Al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya' are revered as the supreme crown of Islamic wisdom literature.

Cairo, Egypt

5 Full Record →

Angela of Foligno

Angela da Foligno

Papal States

1248 – 1309 (61 years old)

Franciscan tertiary and mystical teacher whose 'Book of Visions and Instructions' (Memorial) mapped thirty steps of spiritual transformation into the suffering Christ.

Foligno, Italy

3 Full Record →

2

Raden Wijaya

Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Singhasari Kingdom

c. 1273 CE – 1309 (36 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who brilliantly outmaneuvered and defeated Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet in Java in 1293, founding Southeast Asia's greatest maritime empire.

Blitar (East Java), Indonesia

2 Full Record →

5

Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Raden Wijaya / Kertarajasa Jayawardhana

Java (Indonesia)

c. 1270 – c. 1309 (39 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who outsmarted and repelled Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet to unite the Indonesian archipelago.

Blitar, Indonesia

5 Full Record →

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