Historical Archives & Public Figures

Tiziano Vecellio

Italy

c. 1488 – 1576 (88 years old)

Supreme master of the Venetian school whose dynamic brushwork, vibrant colorism, and imperial portraits for Emperor Charles V revolutionized European oil painting.

Venice, Italy

32 Full Record →

Arts & Music

43

🕯️ 960

Tiziano Vecellio (Titian)

Tiziano Vecellio

Italy

c. 1488/1490 – 27 August 1576 (~88 years old)

Supreme giant of the Venetian School of painting whose revolutionary mastery of glowing color (*colorito*), expressive brushwork, and monumental compositions influenced generations of European painters from Rubens to Velázquez.

Venice, Italy

43 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

39

🕯️ 0

Heinrich Bullinger

Switzerland

1504 – 1575 (71 years old)

Successor to Zwingli as Antistes of Zurich for forty-four years whose 'Second Helvetic Confession' unified the Reformed churches across Europe and whose 12,000 letters guided kings.

Zurich, Switzerland

39 Full Record →

Joseph ben Ephraim Karo (Maran / Author of the Shulchan Aruch)

Religious Figures & Theologians

45

🕯️ 870

Joseph ben Ephraim Karo (Maran / Author of the Shulchan Aruch)

יוֹסֵף קָארוֹ

Spain

c. 1488 CE – 24 March 1575 CE (87 years old)

Venerated as "Maran" (Our Master). Expelled from Spain in 1492, he settled in the mystical Galilean city of Safed, authoring the Beit Yosef and the Shulchan Aruch (The Prepared Table)—the universally authoritative code of Jewish halakhic law.

Safed (Tzfat), Palestine

45 Full Record →

Guru Amar Das Ji (Third Sikh Guru & Champion of Equality)

Prophets & Divine Messengers

42

🕯️ 0

Guru Amar Das Ji (Third Sikh Guru & Champion of Equality)

ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ਜੀ

India

1479 – 1574 (95 years old)

Ascending to the Guruship at the age of seventy-three after years of humble service fetching water from the river, Guru Amar Das revolutionized Punjabi society by banning the veil (purdah) and widow-burning (sati), creating the Manji system of administration.

Goindwal Sahib, India

42 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

41

🕯️ 0

Michel de L'Hôpital

France

c. 1505 – 1573 (68 years old)

Chancellor of France and humanist statesman who pioneered modern religious toleration and judicial reform in the Edict of Saint-Germain.

Champmotteux (Essonne), France

41 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

40

🕯️ 0

John Knox

Scotland

c. 1514 – 1572 (58 years old)

Fiery leader of the Scottish Reformation, disciple of Calvin, and founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland who defied Mary, Queen of Scots in defense of the Reformed faith.

Edinburgh, United Kingdom

40 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

41

🕯️ 0

Isaac ben Solomon Luria

יצחק לוריא

🌐 Israel

1534 – 1572 (38 years old)

Supreme kabbalist of Safed whose revolutionary mystical doctrines of Tzimtzum (divine contraction), Shevirat HaKelim (shattering of the vessels), and Tikkun Olam reshaped Judaism.

Safed, Israel

41 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

26

🕯️ 0

Hassan Pasha of Algiers

حسن باشا بن خير الدين بربروس

Algeria

c. 1517 – 1572 (55 years old)

Son of Hayreddin Barbarossa and Algerian Berber mother who served three terms as ruler of Algiers, successfully defending the Regency against Spanish invasions and Moroccan sieges.

Istanbul, Turkey

26 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

36

🕯️ 0

Moses ben Jacob Cordovero

משה קורדובירו

🌐 Israel

1522 – 1570 (48 years old)

Eminent Safed kabbalist and master synthesizer whose works 'Pardes Rimonim' and 'Tomer Devorah' harmonized Zoharic mysticism with profound personal ethics.

Safed, Israel

36 Full Record →

Architecture

5

🕯️ 0

Philibert de l'Orme

France

c. 1514 – 1570 (55 years old)

Greatest French Renaissance architectural theorist and engineer who served as royal architect to Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, designing Château d'Anet, the Tuileries Palace, and inventing curved timber construction.

Paris, France

5 Full Record →

Arts & Music

53

🕯️ 930

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Pieter Bruegel de Oude

Netherlands

c. 1525–1530 – 9 September 1569 (~44 years old)

Pioneering Netherlandish Renaissance master celebrated for his panoramic seasonal landscapes, biting allegorical satires (Netherlandish Proverbs), and affectionate, vivid depictions of peasant celebrations and labor.

Brussels, Belgium

53 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

14

🕯️ 0

Sidi Abderrahman El Majdoub

عبد الرحمن المجذوب

Morocco

1506 – 1568 (62 years old)

16th-century Sufi ecstatic and sage whose rhymed vernacular quatrains (Ruba'iyat) encapsulated Moroccan popular wisdom, moral ethics, and spiritual introspection.

Meknes, Morocco

14 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

38

🕯️ 0

Guaicaipuro

Venezuela

c. 1530 – c. 1568 (38 years old)

Cacique of the Teques and Caracas tribes who formed an indigenous confederation across northern Venezuela that repeatedly defeated Spanish conquistadors, driving them out of the Caracas valley for nearly a decade.

Caracas, Venezuela

38 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

28

🕯️ 0

King Myeongjong of Joseon

조선 명종 (이환)

South Korea

1534 – 1567 (33 years old)

Thirteenth monarch of the Joseon Kingdom of Korea who struggled against conservative factionalism, patronized Neo-Confucian scholarship under Yi Hwang (Toegye), and established royal state grain relief.

Nowon-gu (Seoul), South Korea

28 Full Record →

Suleiman I (The Magnificent / Kanuni Sultan Süleyman)

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

33

🕯️ 1,410

Suleiman I (The Magnificent / Kanuni Sultan Süleyman)

سليمان اول / Kanunî Sultan Süleyman

Turkey

6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566 (71 years old)

Tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520–1566). Known in the West as "the Magnificent" and in the East as "the Lawgiver" (Kanuni). Oversaw the golden age of Ottoman military supremacy, arts, and monumental architecture.

Szigetvár, Hungary

33 Full Record →

Art

6

🕯️ 0

Lambert Lombard

Belgium

c. 1505 – 1566 (61 years old)

Universal Renaissance artist, architect, and humanist who directed the artistic revival of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and trained Frans Floris and Willem Key in classical archaeology.

Liège, Belgium

6 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

38

🕯️ 920

Bartolomé de las Casas

Spain

11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566 (81 years old)

16th-century Spanish Dominican friar and Bishop of Chiapas who renounced his colonial encomienda to become the 'Protector of the Indians', authoring A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies to denounce colonial genocide.

Madrid, Spain

38 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries