Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Military Leaders & Strategists

39

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Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly

Михаил Богданович Барклай-де-Толли

Lithuania

1761 – 1818 (56 years old)

Russian Field Marshal of Scottish-Baltic descent who served as Minister of War, formulated the scorched-earth retreat strategy that ruined Napoleon in 1812, and took Paris.

Jõgeveste, Estonia

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Military

8

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Mustapha Agha

مصطفى آغا

Tunisia

c. 1750 AD – 1818 (68 years old)

Supreme commander of the Beylical military and Agha of the garrison troops who secured the borders of the Regency during the Algerian-Tunisian wars of 1807 and 1813.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Resistance & Human Rights

37

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Alexandre Petion

Alexandre Sabes Petion

Haiti

1770 – 1818 (47 years old)

First President of the Republic of Haiti (1807–1818), 'Father of Pan-American Independence', who redistributed land directly to peasant soldiers and provided Simon Bolivar with ships, weapons, and troops that liberated South America.

Port-au-Prince, Haiti

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

8

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Dey Ali Khoja

علي خوجة

Algeria

c. 1765 – 1818 (~53 years old)

Dey of Algiers (1817–1818) who broke the mutinous power of the Janissary militia by boldly relocating the treasury and seat of government to the hilltop Casbah Citadel.

Algiers, Algeria

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Humanitarian & Peace

32

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Absalom Jones

Absalom Jones

United States

1746 – 1818 (71 years old)

First African American ordained as an Episcopal priest, co-founder of the Free African Society, and heroic nurse during the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic.

Philadelphia, United States

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Military Leaders & Strategists

38

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Tadeusz Kościuszko (Hero of Two Worlds)

Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko

Belarus

1746 – 1817 (71 years old)

Polish military engineer and statesman who engineered the impenetrable defenses of Saratoga and West Point and led the Polish Uprising of 1794.

Kraków, Poland

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Humanitarian & Peace

36

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Paul Cuffe

Paul Cuffe

United States

1759 – 1817 (58 years old)

African-Wampanoag ship captain, Quaker merchant, and civil rights pioneer who built his own fleet, founded integrated schools, and led early emigration to Sierra Leone.

Westport, United States

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Literature & Poetry

44

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Jane Austen

Jane Austen

Great Britain

16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817 (41 years old)

Preeminent English novelist whose flawless social realism, biting comic irony, and psychological depth in Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Emma revolutionized the English novel into high art.

Winchester (Hampshire), Great Britain

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Usman dan Fodio

عثمان بن فودي

Syria

1754 – 1817 (62 years old)

Fulani Islamic scholar, jurist, educator, and reformer who founded the Sokoto Caliphate, authored over 100 books, and championed the education and social elevation of African women.

Sokoto, Nigeria

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Military Leaders & Strategists

32

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André Masséna (The Dear Child of Victory)

André Masséna, duc de Rivoli, prince d'Essling

France

1758 – 1817 (58 years old)

Marshal of France hailed by Napoleon as 'l'Enfant chéri de la victoire' who saved France at the Second Battle of Zurich and held the epic Siege of Genoa.

Paris, France

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Military

4

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Michel Ney

Michel Ney, duc d'Elchingen, prince de la Moskowa

France

1769 – 1815 (46 years old)

Legendary Marshal of France acclaimed by Napoleon as 'the Bravest of the Brave' for his heroic rearguard defense during the 1812 retreat from Moscow, who led the mass cavalry charges at Waterloo.

Paris, France

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Michel Ney (The Bravest of the Brave)

Michel Ney, duc d'Elchingen, prince de la Moskowa

France

1769 – 1815 (46 years old)

Marshal of France immortalized by Napoleon as 'The Bravest of the Brave' (Le Brave des Braves), who commanded the heroic rear guard during the retreat from Moscow.

Paris, France

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Joachim Murat (King of Naples)

Joachim Murat, roi de Naples

France

1767 – 1815 (48 years old)

Marshal of the Empire, Grand Duke of Berg, and King of Naples celebrated as the greatest cavalry commander in modern history, who led the colossal 10,000-horse charge at Eylau.

Pizzo (Calabria), Italy

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Sidi Ahmed Tijani

أحمد بن محمد التيجاني

Algeria

1737 – 1815 (78 years old)

Algerian-born Islamic scholar and spiritual master who founded the Tijaniyya Sufi order at Ain Madhi in 1781, settling in Fez where his zawiya became the spiritual epicenter for millions across West and North Africa.

Fez, Morocco

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

58

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Handsome Lake / Gananyodiyo (Seneca Prophet & Moral Reformer)

Sganyadaí:yoh

United States

c. 1735 – 1815 (~80 years old)

The revered Seneca prophet and peace chief who revitalized the devastated Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, Handsome Lake experienced profound spiritual awakenings in 1799, establishing the Code of Handsome Lake (Gaiwi:io) that guides the Longhouse Religion today.

Nedrow, United States

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Arts & Music

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Torii Kiyonaga

鳥居 清長

Japan

c. 1752 – 1815 (63 years old)

Master Japanese ukiyo-e printmaker of the late eighteenth century, celebrated for depicting statuesque, tall, elegant beauties (bijin-ga) integrated naturally into outdoor urban landscapes.

Ryogoku (Tokyo), Japan

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Military Leaders & Strategists

25

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Rais Hamidou

الرايس حميدو بن علي

Algeria

c. 1770 – 1815 (45 years old)

Legendary Algerian naval commander and Grand Admiral of Algiers who commanded the Mediterranean flagship Mashuda and defended North African waters against European fleets.

Algiers Bay Memorial, Algeria

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Louis-Alexandre Berthier (Marshal of France)

Louis-Alexandre Berthier, prince de Neuchâtel

France

1753 – 1815 (61 years old)

Marshal of the Empire, Sovereign Prince of Neuchâtel, and Chief of Staff of the Grande Armée whose organizational genius translated Napoleon's operational vision into reality.

Tegernsee (Bavaria), Germany

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