Historical Archives & Public Figures

Édouard Manet

France

1832 – 1883 (51 years old)

French modernist painter who served as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

Paris, France

3,080 Full Record →

Arts & Music

0

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Napaleon Orda

Напалеон Орда

Belarus

1807-02-11 – 1883-04-26 (76 years old)

Artist and composer who traveled across Belarus, Lithuania, and Ukraine creating over 1,000 meticulous sketches and watercolors of historical castles, churches, and manors, preserving cultural heritage.

Janów Podlaski, Poland

0 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

27

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Karl Marx

Karl Heinrich Marx

Germany

1818 – 1883 (64 years old)

Revolutionary philosopher, political theorist, and economist whose historical materialism, The Communist Manifesto, and Das Kapital transformed modern history, politics, and sociology.

London, United Kingdom

27 Full Record →

Arts & Music

35

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Wilhelm Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner

Germany

22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883 (69 years old)

Revolutionary German composer and dramatist who revolutionized Western music with the 'Gesamtkunstwerk' (total work of art), the leitmotif system, chromatic breakdown of tonality in Tristan und Isolde, and the 16-hour Der Ring des Nibelungen.

Venice, Italy

35 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

37

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Cecile Fatiman

Haiti

c. 1771 – c. 1883 (112 years old)

Haitian revolutionary Mambo (Vodou high priestess) who co-presided over the historic August 1791 ceremony at Bois Caiman alongside Dutty Boukman, sacrificing the sacred black pig and distributing its blood to seal the revolutionary oath.

Cap-Haitien, Haiti

37 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

38

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Léon Gambetta

Léon Michel Gambetta

France

1838 – 1882 (44 years old)

Fiery republican orator and statesman who proclaimed the French Third Republic in 1870 and famously escaped besieged Paris in a hot air balloon to organize national resistance.

Paris / Nice, France

38 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

36

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Anthony Trollope

Great Britain

1815 – 1882 (67 years old)

Prolific Victorian novelist and General Post Office official who created the Chronicles of Barsetshire, the Palliser political series, and the pillar postal box.

London, United Kingdom

36 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

30

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Muhammad III as-Sadiq

محمد الصادق باي

Tunisia

1813 – 1882 (69 years old)

Husainid Bey of Tunis who proclaimed the 1861 Constitution—the first written constitution in the Arab and Islamic world—and was forced to sign the 1881 Treaty of Bardo establishing the French protectorate.

Medina of Tunis, Tunisia

30 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,757

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Friedrich Wöhler

Germany

1800 – 1882 (82 years old)

German chemist whose 1828 synthesis of urea shattered vitalism and founded modern synthetic organic chemistry.

Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

4,757 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

34

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George Perkins Marsh

United States

1801 – 1882 (81 years old)

Pioneering American environmental statesman, polymath, and diplomat whose 1864 book Man and Nature launched the global conservation movement and national forest preserves.

Rome, Italy

34 Full Record →

Giuseppe Garibaldi (Hero of the Two Worlds)

Military Leaders & Strategists

36

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Giuseppe Garibaldi (Hero of the Two Worlds)

Giuseppe Garibaldi

France

1807 – 1882 (74 years old)

Italian general, nationalist, and revolutionary who led the Expedition of the Thousand in his iconic Red Shirts, conquering the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to unify Italy.

Caprera Island (La Maddalena), Italy

36 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

36

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin

Great Britain

12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882 (73 years old)

Naturalist whose 1859 masterpiece On the Origin of Species established the theory of biological evolution by natural selection, unifying all life on Earth under common descent.

London, United Kingdom

36 Full Record →

Arts & Music

34

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Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Great Britain

1828 – 1882 (53 years old)

Founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, poet, and painter whose haunting portraits of Elizabeth Siddal and Jane Morris ('Proserpine', 'Beata Beatrix') launched the Aesthetic movement.

Birchington-on-Sea, United Kingdom

34 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

5

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Jørgen Moe

Jørgen Engebretsen Moe

Norway

1813-04-22 – 1882-03-27 (68 years old)

Renowned folklorist, romantic poet, and Lutheran Bishop of Kristiansand who co-created Norske Folkeeventyr with Peter Christen Asbjørnsen.

Kristiansand, Norway

5 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

33

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Theodor Schwann

Germany

1810 – 1882 (71 years old)

German physiologist who formulated the universal Cell Theory in 1839, establishing that all animal tissues are composed of cells, discovered the digestive enzyme pepsin, and discovered the myelinating Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system.

Cologne, Germany

33 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

35

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Ignacy Lukasiewicz

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz

Austria

1822 – 1882 (59 years old)

Polish pharmacist and chemical engineer who invented the modern kerosene lamp in 1853 and constructed the world's first modern oil refinery and commercial oil well in Galician Poland.

Zrecin, Poland

35 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

4

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Si El Mokhtar Ben Cheikh

سي المختار بن الشيخ

Algeria

c. 1835 – 1882 (47 years old)

Heroic field commander of the Ouled Sidi Cheikh insurrection who fought alongside Cheikh Bouamama across the high steppes and desert passes of southwestern Algeria.

El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh (El Bayadh), Algeria

4 Full Record →

Politics

1

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Jean-Baptiste Nothomb

Belgium

1805 – 1881 (76 years old)

Leading revolutionary statesman and diplomat who co-authored the 1831 Belgian Constitution, served as Prime Minister (1841–1845), passed the historic 1842 Primary Education Act, and served 35 years as ambassador to Berlin.

Messancy (Luxembourg Province), Belgium

1 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries