Historical Archives & Public Figures

Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban

Belgium

1812 – 1896 (83 years old)

Dominant nineteenth-century Belgian Liberal statesman and two-time Prime Minister (1868–1870, 1878–1884) who founded the National Bank of Belgium, abolished domestic municipal customs (octrois), and led the secular School War.

Liège, Belgium

2 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

39

🕯️ 995

Louis Pasteur

France

27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895 (72 years old)

French chemist and microbiologist who proved the germ theory of disease, disproved spontaneous generation, invented pasteurization, and created life-saving vaccines against rabies and anthrax.

Paris, France

39 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

32

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Makhado

Makhado Ramabulana

South Africa

c. 1840 – c. 1895 (~55 years old)

Fierce Venda king renowned as 'The Lion of the North' who successfully repelled Boer encroachment and maintained Vhavenda sovereignty throughout his reign.

Louis Trichardt, South Africa

32 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

32

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Ahmed Cevdet Pasha

Ahmed Cevdet Paşa

Bulgaria

1822 – 1895 (73 years old)

Master Ottoman jurist, historian, and statesman who directed the compilation of the Mecelle, the first modern civil code based on Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia).

Istanbul, Turkey

32 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

39

🕯️ 780

José Martí

José Julián Martí Pérez

Cuba

1853-01-28 – 1895-05-19 (42 years old)

National Hero of Cuba and foundational thinker of Latin American continental unity ('Nuestra América'); harmonized lyrical modernism with moral political liberation.

Dos Ríos, Cuba

39 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

4

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Camilla Collett

Jacobine Camilla Wergeland Collett

Norway

1813-01-23 – 1895-03-06 (82 years old)

Norway's first major feminist writer and novelist whose 1854 masterpiece Amtmannens Døttre pioneered Norwegian realism and launched the women's emancipation movement.

Oslo, Norway

4 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

21

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Khedive Ismail

الخديوي إسماعيل

Egypt

December 31, 1830 – March 2, 1895 (64 years old)

Transformative Khedive of Egypt and Sudan (reigned 1863-1879) who modernized Egypt's infrastructure, constructed 'Paris on the Nile' (Downtown Cairo), laid thousands of miles of railways and telegraphs, and inaugurated the Suez Canal in 1869.

Cairo, Egypt

21 Full Record →

Arts & Music

4,045

🕯️ 93

Berthe Morisot

Berthe Marie Pauline Morisot

France

1841 – 1895 (54 years old)

Founding French Impressionist painter celebrated for her delicate brushwork, luminous light, and sensitive domestic portraits.

Paris, France

4,045 Full Record →

Smohalla (Wanapum Prophet of the Dreamer Religion)

Prophets & Divine Messengers

79

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Smohalla (Wanapum Prophet of the Dreamer Religion)

Smowhala

United States

c. 1815 – 1895 (~80 years old)

The hunchbacked Wanapum mystic and prophet of the Columbia River Plateau, Smohalla founded the Dreamer Religion (Washat), fiercely resisting colonial industrialization with the immortal ecological defense of the living Mother Earth.

Priest Rapids, United States

79 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

45

🕯️ 950

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey

United States

1818-02-01 – 1895-02-20 (77 years old)

Transcendent abolitionist leader and constitutional thinker who counseled Abraham Lincoln, fought for the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, and championed women's suffrage at Seneca Falls.

Washington, D.C., United States

45 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

27

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Arthur Cayley

Great Britain

1821 – 1895 (73 years old)

British mathematician who founded matrix algebra, developed n-dimensional geometry, and pioneered invariant theory, authoring nearly a thousand mathematical research papers.

Cambridge, United Kingdom

27 Full Record →

Arts & Music

5

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Hadda El Ghiyathia (Kharboucha)

حادة الغياثية خربوشة

Morocco

c. 1870 – c. 1895 (~25 years old)

Legendary 19th-century folk poetess and Cheikha of Aita Hasbaouia from Abda who wielded satirical verse against the tyrannical feudal lord Caïd Aïssa Ben Omar, becoming an immortal icon of popular resistance.

Safi, Morocco

5 Full Record →

Humanities

3

🕯️ 0

Al-Arbi ibn Ali al-Mashrafi

العربي بن علي المشرفي

Morocco

c. 1830 – 1895 (~65 years old)

19th-century Moroccan historian and royal archivist who accompanied Sultan Moulay Hassan I on his famous unification Harkas (expeditions) across Morocco, documenting tribal geography.

Fez, Morocco

3 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

4

🕯️ 0

Cheikh Mohand Amokrane Belhaddad

محمد أمقران بلحداد

Algeria

1840 – 1895 (55 years old)

Military commander of the 1871 Mokrani-Haddad insurrection, eldest son of spiritual leader Cheikh El Haddad, deported to the penal colony of New Caledonia.

Bourail (honored in Seddouk, Bejaïa), New Caledonia

4 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

9

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Si Aziz Belhaddad

سي عزيز بلحداد

Algeria

1840 – 1895 (55 years old)

Elder son of Cheikh Belhaddad and military commander of the Rahmaniyya forces during the 1871 uprising, deported to the penal colony of New Caledonia before escaping to Paris.

Seddouk, Algeria

9 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

27

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Christina Rossetti

Christina Georgina Rossetti

Great Britain

1830 – 1894 (64 years old)

Supreme Victorian devotional and lyric poet closely associated with the Pre-Raphaelites, famed for Goblin Market, 'Remember', and the Christmas carol 'In the Bleak Midwinter'.

London, United Kingdom

27 Full Record →

Politics

2

🕯️ 0

John Thompson

Sir John Sparrow David Thompson

Canada

1845 – 1894 (49 years old)

Brilliant jurist and prime minister who authored the first Canadian Criminal Code in 1892, modernized maritime fisheries treaties, and died suddenly at Windsor Castle at the peak of his career.

Halifax (Nova Scotia), Canada

2 Full Record →