Historical Archives & Public Figures

Harry Hopkins

United States

1890 – 1946 (55 years old)

Travailleur social américain devenu le bras droit de Franklin D. Roosevelt, directeur de la WPA procurant un emploi et la dignité à plus de 8 millions de chômeurs démunis.

Grinnell, Iowa, United States

42 Full Record →

Art

2

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Helene Schjerfbeck

Helena Sofia Schjerfbeck

Finland

1862-07-10 – 1946-01-23 (83 years old)

Master Finnish modernist painter whose radical reduction of form and searing, skeletal self-portraits made her one of the most celebrated and haunting painters of 20th-century Nordic art.

Helsinki, Finland

2 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

26

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Safia Zaghloul

صفية زغلول

Egypt

1876 – January 12, 1946 (70 years old)

Beloved Egyptian nationalist leader hailed as 'Umm al-Misriyyin' (Mother of the Egyptians), who directed the Wafd party and sustained the popular anti-colonial struggle while her husband Saad Zaghloul was exiled to the Seychelles.

Cairo, Egypt

26 Full Record →

Science

2

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Charles Fabry

Maurice Paul Auguste Charles Fabry

France

1867 – 1945 (78 years old)

Distinguished French optical physicist who co-invented the Fabry-Pérot interferometer in 1897 and co-discovered the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere with Henri Buisson in 1913.

Marseille, France

2 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,009

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Thomas Hunt Morgan

United States

1866 – 1945 (79 years old)

American geneticist whose 'Fly Room' experiments proved that chromosomes carry the physical units of heredity, winning the 1933 Nobel Prize.

Altadena, California, United States

3,009 Full Record →

Law

4

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Marie Gérin-Lajoie

Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie

Canada

1867 – 1945 (78 years old)

Self-taught legal scholar who co-founded the Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1907 and authored Traité de droit usuel, exposing civil code injustices against married women in Quebec.

Montreal, Canada

4 Full Record →

Arts & Music

6

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Franklin Carmichael

Canada

1890 – 1945 (55 years old)

Youngest founding member of the Group of Seven who elevated watercolor to monumental status in Canadian art, painting panoramic vistas of the La Cloche mountains and Lake Superior.

Orillia (Ontario), Canada

6 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

36

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Plutarco Elias Calles

Plutarco Elías Calles

Mexico

1877 – 1945 (68 years old)

President of Mexico who founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that ruled Mexico for seven decades, and whose fierce enforcement of anti-clerical laws provoked the Cristero War.

Mexico City, Mexico

36 Full Record →

Arts & Music

40

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Béla Viktor János Bartók

Bartók Béla

Hungary

25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945 (64 years old)

Visionary Hungarian composer and ethnomusicology pioneer who recorded thousands of genuine Eastern European and Turkish folk melodies, integrating their asymmetrical meters and modal scales into revolutionary works like the Concerto for Orchestra.

New York City, United States

40 Full Record →

Music

0

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Anton Webern

Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von Webern

Austria

1883-12-03 – 1945-09-15 (61 years old)

Foundational master of the Second Viennese School whose crystalline, ultra-condensed twelve-tone serialist compositions profoundly shaped post-war European avant-garde music (Boulez, Stockhausen).

Mittersill, Salzburg, Austria

0 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

30

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Stefan Banach

Austria

1892 – 1945 (53 years old)

Polish mathematician widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's most influential figures, who founded modern functional analysis and introduced complete normed vector spaces (Banach spaces).

Lviv, Ukraine

30 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

30

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Subhas Chandra Bose

সুভাষচন্দ্র বসু (নেতাজি)

India

1897 – 1945 (48 years old)

Revolutionary Indian nationalist leader revered as 'Netaji' (Respected Leader), who established the Indian National Army (INA) and proclaimed the Azad Hind Provisional Government with the battle cry 'Jai Hind!'.

Tokyo, Japan

30 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,778

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Robert H. Goddard

Robert Hutchings Goddard

United States

1882 – 1945 (62 years old)

Father of modern rocketry who designed, constructed, and successfully launched the world's first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926.

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

4,778 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

5

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S. E. K. Mqhayi

Samuel Edward Krune Mqhayi

South Africa

1875-12-01 – 1945-07-29 (69 years old)

Venerated as 'Imbongi yeSizwe' (The Poet of the Nation), who standardized written Xhosa, authored seven extra stanzas of 'Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika', and wrote the classic novel 'Ityala lamawele'.

Berlin, South Africa

5 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

5

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Paul Valéry

Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry

France

1871 – 1945 (73 years old)

Towering French poet, essayist, and philosopher of consciousness whose monumental poem Le Cimetière marin contains the immortal line: 'Le vent se lève!... Il faut tenter de vivre!', honored with a national funeral by Charles de Gaulle.

Sète (Hérault), France

5 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

32

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John Curtin

John Joseph Curtin

Australia

1885 – 1945 (60 years old)

Fourteenth Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945) who successfully led Australia through the darkest perils of World War II, defied Winston Churchill to recall Australian troops to defend the homeland, and forged the historic alliance with the United States.

Perth (Western Australia), Australia

32 Full Record →