Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Kusaila

كسيلة بن لزم

Algeria

c. 640 – c. 688 (~48 years old)

Christian Berber King of the Awreba confederation and Altava who defeated and killed Uqba ibn Nafi at the Battle of Vescera (Biskra) in 683 CE, ruling Kairouan for five years.

Near Kairouan, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Queen Dihya

ديهيا (الكاهنة)

Algeria

c. 650 – c. 702 (~52 years old)

Legendary Amazigh queen and military commander of the Jerawa tribe who united the Berber confederations of the Aurès and defeated the Umayyad armies of Hasan ibn al-Nu'man in 698 CE.

El Ouldja (Khenchela), Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Ptolemy of Mauretania

بطليموس الموريطني

Algeria

c. 1 BCE – 40-01-01 (~1 years old)

Last monarch of the Kingdom of Mauretania, co-ruler with his father Juba II, who assisted Rome in crushing the Tacfarinas rebellion before being assassinated by Emperor Caligula in 40 CE.

Sidi Rached (Tipaza), Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Juba II

يوبا الثاني

Algeria

c. 48 BCE – 23-01-01 (~48 years old)

Scholarly King of Mauretania, raised in Rome by Octavian, who transformed Caesarea (Cherchell) into a jewel of Greco-Roman culture and authored influential treatises on geography, botany, and history.

Sidi Rached (Tipaza), Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Micipsa

ميكيبسا

Algeria

c. 200 BCE – c. 118 BCE (~82 years old)

Eldest son of Masinissa who ruled unified Numidia for thirty years (148–118 BCE), patronized Greek philosophers, constructed monumental palaces, and maintained prosperous peace.

Constantine, Algeria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Syphax

سيفاقس

Algeria

c. 250 BCE – c. 202 BCE (~48 years old)

Powerful King of the Masaesyli Numidians of western Algeria, who established Siga as his capital, commanded 50,000 warriors, and was courted by both Rome and Carthage in the Second Punic War.

Tivoli, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Chandragupta Maurya

चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य

India

c. 340 BCE – c. 297 BCE (~43 years old)

Visionary founder of the Maurya Empire who united the Indian subcontinent for the first time in history with the mentorship of Chanakya.

Shravanabelagola, India

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang)

汉高祖 刘邦 (Ji)

China

c. 256 BCE – 195 BCE (~61 years old)

Peasant rebel who defeated Xiang Yu in the Chu-Han Contention to found the four-century Han Dynasty, giving China's majority ethnicity its name.

Xianyang, Shaanxi, China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Emperor Wu of Han (Han Wudi)

汉武帝 刘彻 (Liu Che)

China

156 BCE – 87 BCE (~69 years old)

Seventh Emperor of the Han Dynasty whose 54-year reign established the Silk Road, adopted Confucianism, and expanded China's imperial borders.

Xianyang, Shaanxi, China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Mithridates VI Eupator

Μιθριδάτης Εὐπάτωρ Διονύσιος

Turkey

c. 135 BCE – c. 63 BCE (~72 years old)

King of Pontus and northern Anatolia who waged three legendary Mithridatic Wars, Rome's most formidable rival of the late Republic.

Amasya, Turkey

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Taharqa

t-h-r-q (Nefertemkhure Taharqa)

Sudan

c. 720 BCE – c. 664 BCE (~56 years old)

Greatest Pharaoh of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt who presided over a renaissance of arts and defended the Levant against Assyria.

Nuri (Near Karima), Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Piye (Piankhi)

pꜣ-ꜥnḫ-j (Piye / Usermaatre)

Sudan

c. 770 BCE – c. 714 BCE (~56 years old)

Kushite monarch who conquered Egypt, founding the Twenty-Fifth 'Black Pharaohs' Dynasty and reviving pyramid building.

Napata (Near Karima), Sudan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Nefertiti (Neferneferuaten Nefertiti)

nfr.t-jy.tj (The Beautiful One Has Come)

Egypt

c. 1370 BCE – c. 1330 BCE (~40 years old)

Queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty and Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten, iconic symbol of feminine majesty and power in antiquity.

Amarna, Minya, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Amenhotep III (The Magnificent)

Nebmaatre Amenhotep

Egypt

c. 1403 BCE – c. 1353 BCE (~50 years old)

Ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty whose nearly four-decade reign was the artistic and economic zenith of ancient Egypt.

Thebes (Luxor), Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Sneferu (Snofru)

snfr-wj (He of Beauty)

Egypt

c. 2630 BCE – c. 2589 BCE (~41 years old)

Founding Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty who perfected pyramid engineering, constructing the Meidum, Bent, and Red Pyramids.

Dahshur, Giza, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Djoser (Netjerikhet)

ḏsr (Netjerikhet)

Egypt

c. 2690 BCE – c. 2611 BCE (~79 years old)

Pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Egypt who commissioned the Step Pyramid of Saqqara, the world's first monumental stone building.

Saqqara, Giza, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Xerxes I (Xerxes the Great)

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (Xšayarša)

Iran

c. 519 BCE – c. 465 BCE (~54 years old)

Fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire who launched the massive Second Persian Invasion of Greece and built the Gate of All Nations.

Fars Province, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Darius I (Darius the Great)

𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (Dārayava(h)uš)

Iran

c. 550 BCE – c. 486 BCE (~64 years old)

Third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire who built Persepolis, the Royal Road, and codified imperial administrative satrapies.

Fars Province, Iran

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