Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Maximilien de Robespierre

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre

France

1758 – 1794 (36 years old)

Leading architect of the French Revolution and leader of the Jacobins known as 'The Incorruptible', who spearheaded the Reign of Terror and the Republic of Virtue.

Paris, France

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Sciences & Discovery

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Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

France

26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794 (50 years old)

'Father of Modern Chemistry' who discovered the law of conservation of mass, recognized and named oxygen and hydrogen, abolished the phlogiston theory, and standardized chemical nomenclature.

Paris, France

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Law

Malesherbes

Chrétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes

France

1721 – 1794 (72 years old)

Heroic magistrate and statesman who bravely shielded the Encyclopédie of Diderot and Rousseau from royal censorship, served as Minister of State, and courageously volunteered to defend Louis XVI before the revolutionary National Convention.

Paris, France

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

Camille Desmoulins

Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoist Desmoulins

France

1760 – 1794 (34 years old)

Passionate revolutionary journalist and orator who leaped onto a café table at the Palais-Royal on July 12, 1789, crying 'Aux armes!', sparking the storming of the Bastille two days later.

Paris, France

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Georges Danton

Georges Jacques Danton

France

1759 – 1794 (34 years old)

Thunderous orator and founding father of the French First Republic who mobilized national defense with 'Audacity, more audacity, always audacity' before being guillotined during the Terror.

Paris, France

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Philosophy & Thought

4

Military Leaders & Strategists

Nicolas de Condorcet

Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet

France

1743 – 1794 (50 years old)

Visionary Enlightenment mathematician and philosopher who championed public education, women's voting rights, and the abolition of slavery, writing his Sketch for Human Progress while hiding from Jacobin Terror.

Paris, France

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Military Leaders & Strategists

Mahadji Shinde

महादजी शिंदे

India

1730 – 1794 (63 years old)

Ruler of Gwalior and supreme Maratha statesman who resurrected Maratha supremacy after the Third Battle of Panipat, trained modern European-style infantry under Benoit de Boigne, and controlled Delhi.

Wanwadi (Pune), India

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Mahadaji Shinde (Madhavrao Scindia)

महादजी शिंदे

India

1730 – 1794 (63 years old)

Maratha ruler of Gwalior who rebuilt Maratha supremacy after the disaster of Panipat, trained modern European-style infantry brigades, and liberated Delhi.

Wanowrie (Pune), India

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Jean-Sylvain Bailly

France

1736 – 1793 (57 years old)

Renowned astronomer of the Académie des Sciences who made history on June 20, 1789, by administering the Tennis Court Oath and becoming the very first Mayor of Paris during the storming of the Bastille.

Paris, France

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Resistance & Human Rights

Madame Roland

Marie-Jeanne Phlipon (Madame Roland)

France

1754 – 1793 (39 years old)

Brilliant intellectual leader and moral soul of the Girondin faction in the French Revolution, whose political salon steered ministerial policy and who uttered the immortal dying words: 'O Liberty, what crimes are committed in thy name!'.

Paris, France

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Olympe de Gouges

Marie Gouze (Olympe de Gouges)

France

7 May 1748 – 3 November 1793 (45 years old)

French playwright, abolitionist, and political activist whose 1791 Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen pioneered modern constitutional feminism, executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror.

Place de la Révolution, Paris, France

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Marie Antoinette

Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen

Austria

1755 – 1793 (37 years old)

Last Queen of France before the French Revolution, tragic symbol of courtly elegance and the downfall of the Bourbon monarchy.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

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History

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

Charlotte Corday

Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont

France

1768 – 1793 (24 years old)

Impoverished Norman noblewoman and descendant of dramatist Pierre Corneille who assassinated Jacobin journalist Jean-Paul Marat in his medicinal bath on July 13, 1793, seeking to end the Reign of Terror.

Paris, France

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Louis XVI of France

Louis-Auguste de France

France

1754 – 1793 (38 years old)

Last King of France of the Ancien Régime whose support for the American Revolution worsened finances, leading to the French Revolution.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Francesco Lazzaro Guardi

Francesco Guardi

Italy

1712 – 1793 (80 years old)

Last great master of the Venetian veduta whose shimmering, painterly brushwork (pittura di tocco) and poetic capriccios anticipated 19th-century Impressionism.

Venice, Italy

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Military Leaders & Strategists

Samuel Hearne

Great Britain

February 1745 – November 1792 (47 years old)

intrepid explorer who completed an epic five-thousand-kilometer overland trek across subarctic barren grounds to the Coppermine River in 1771.

London, United Kingdom

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