Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

3

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Idris II of Morocco

إدريس الثاني بن إدريس

🌐 Idrisid State

0791 – 0828 (37 years old)

Posthumous son of Idris I who assumed sovereignty at age eleven, founded the imperial capital city of Fez in 808 CE, and consolidated the administrative, judicial, and cultural institutions of Morocco.

Fez, Morocco

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Religious Figures & Theologians

5

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Asad ibn al-Furat

أسد بن الفرات

Irak

0759 – 0828 (69 years old)

Eminent Islamic jurist, scholar of both the Hanafi and Maliki schools, and Grand Qadi of Kairouan who at age sixty-eight commanded the historic naval expedition that began the Muslim conquest of Sicily.

Syracuse (Sicily), Italy

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Religious Figures & Theologians

5

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Theodore the Studite

Θεόδωρος ὁ Στουδίτης

Byzantine Empire

c. 759 CE – 0826 (67 years old)

Abbot of the Stoudios Monastery who reformed Eastern Christian monasticism, championing community life, book copying, and intellectual defense of holy icons.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

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Religious Figures & Theologians

4

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Saicho

最澄

Nara Period

0767 – 0822 (54 years old)

Founder of Tendai Buddhism in Japan who established Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, championed universal Buddhahood through the Lotus Sutra, and fought for independent Mahayana ordination.

Mount Hiei (Kyoto), Japan

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Religious Figures & Theologians

14

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Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (Nasir al-Sunnah)

محمد بن إدريس الشافعي

Palestine

c. 767 CE (150 AH) – 20 January 820 CE (204 AH) (52 years old)

Supreme legal jurist and poet who formulated the science of Islamic legal theory (Usul al-Fiqh). Reconciled the rationalist school of Iraq with the traditionalist school of the Hijaz in his seminal treatise Al-Risala.

Fustat (Cairo), Egypt

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Religious Figures & Theologians

3

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Ali ibn Musa al-Rida

علي بن موسى الرضا

Irak

c. 766 CE – 0818 (52 years old)

Eighth Shia Imam and revered scholar whose profound interfaith debates in Merv and famous Hadith of the Golden Chain in Nishapur confirmed the sanctuary of divine unity.

Mashhad, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

11

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Charlemagne (Charles the Great / Carolus Magnus)

Carolus Magnus / Karl der Große

Germany

2 April 748 CE – 28 January 814 CE (65 years old)

King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor, crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 in Rome. United Western and Central Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome, sparking the Carolingian Renaissance of scholarship and arts.

Aachen, Germany

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

3

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Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab

إبراهيم بن الأغلب

Irak

c. 756 CE – 0812 (56 years old)

Abbasid governor who secured hereditary autonomy from Caliph Harun al-Rashid in 800 CE, founding the Aghlabid Dynasty in Kairouan and establishing Ifriqiya as an autonomous naval and cultural power.

Kairouan, Tunisia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

11

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Harun al-Rashid (Fifth Abbasid Caliph)

هارون الرشيد (The Just / Aaron the Upright)

Iran

17 March 766 CE – 24 March 809 CE (43 years old)

Fifth Abbasid Caliph whose reign marked the zenith of the Islamic Golden Age. Established the legendary House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma) in Baghdad, exchanged diplomatic gifts with Charlemagne, and inspired the tales of the Thousand and One Nights.

Tous (Khorasan), Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

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Emperor Kammu

桓武天皇

Japan

0737 – 0806 (69 years old)

Fiftieth Emperor of Japan (781–806 CE) who broke the political stranglehold of the Buddhist temples of Nara by relocating the imperial capital to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794, inaugurating the glorious four-century Heian period of classical Japanese culture.

Kyoto (Fushimi), Japan

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Religious Figures & Theologians

9

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Rabia al-Adawiyya (The Crown of Men)

رابعة العدوية القيسية

Iraq

c. 716 CE (96 AH) – c. 801 CE (185 AH) (85 years old)

Eighth-century mystic of Basra who revolutionized Sufi spirituality by introducing the concept of pure, unselfish Divine Love (Mahabba / Ishq)—worshiping God neither out of fear of Hell nor desire for Paradise, but purely for His beauty.

Jerusalem, Palestine

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Malik ibn Anas

مالك بن أنس

Saudi Arabia

c. 711 – 0795 (84 years old)

Revered as the 'Imam of Medina' (Imam Dar al-Hijrah), author of the 'Muwatta' (the earliest surviving book of Islamic law) and founder of the Maliki school.

Medina, Saudi Arabia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

14

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Malik ibn Anas (Imam Dar al-Hijrah)

مالك بن أنس بن مالك

Saudi Arabia

c. 711 CE (93 AH) – 7 June 795 CE (179 AH) (84 years old)

Venerated as the "Imam of the Abode of Emigration" (Medina). Compiled the Muwatta—humanity's earliest extant Islamic legal and Hadith corpus—and founded the Maliki school based on the living communal practice (Amal) of Medina.

Medina, Saudi Arabia

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

3

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Idris I of Morocco

إدريس بن عبد الله (مولاي إدريس)

Umayyad Caliphate

c. 745 CE – 0791 (46 years old)

Great-grandson of Prophet Muhammad through Ali and Fatima, who fled Abbasid persecution, was welcomed by the Awraba Berbers at Volubilis, and founded the Idrisid Dynasty, establishing the first sovereign Moroccan Islamic state.

Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Guo Ziyi (Prince of Fenyang)

郭子儀

Tang Dynasty (China)

0697 – 0781 (84 years old)

Legendary Tang dynasty general and Prince of Fenyang who quelled the catastrophic An Lushan Rebellion, recaptured both capitals, and preserved the Tang Empire.

Qianxian (Xianyang), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

7

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Al-Mansur (Abu Ja'far al-Mansur)

أبو جعفر المنصور (عبد الله بن محمد)

Umayyad Caliphate (Jordan)

c. 0714 CE – 0775 (~61 years old)

Second Abbasid Caliph and true founder of the Abbasid Caliphate who designed and founded the legendary Round City of Baghdad in 762 CE.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

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Literature & Poetry

3

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Du Fu

杜甫 (Du Shaoling / Shisheng)

Tang Dynasty

0712 – 0770 (58 years old)

Tang dynasty literary titan (712–770), honored as the 'Poet-Historian' and 'Poet-Sage' (Shisheng), whose profound verse chronicled the devastating An Lushan Rebellion and gave voice to ordinary human suffering.

Chengdu (Sichuan), China

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Religious Figures & Theologians

16

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Nu'man ibn Thabit (Al-Imam al-A'zam Abu Hanifa)

أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت

Iraq

c. 699 CE (80 AH) – 18 June 767 CE (150 AH) (68 years old)

The "Great Imam" whose juridical methodology created the Hanafi school—the most widely followed legal school in Islamic history. Championed juristic preference (Istihsan), human equity, and commercial integrity in Kufa.

Baghdad, Iraq

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