Historical Archives & Public Figures

Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (Pachakutiq)

Kingdom of Cusco

c. 1418 CE – c. 1471 CE (53 years old)

Ninth Sapa Inca who transformed the modest Kingdom of Cusco into the colossal Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), rebuilt Cusco in the shape of a puma, and constructed the sanctuary of Machu Picchu.

Cusco, Peru

5 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

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Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui

Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki

Kingdom of Cusco (Peru)

c. 1418 – c. 1471 (53 years old)

Ninth Sapa Inca whose military genius transformed the Kingdom of Cusco into Tawantinsuyu (Inca Empire) and who commissioned Machu Picchu.

Cusco, Peru

5 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

11

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Ibn Taghribirdi

ابن تغري بردي

🌐 Mamluk Sultanate

1410 – 1470 (60 years old)

Distinguished Egyptian historian of Mamluk aristocratic descent who studied under Al-Maqrizi and authored 'Al-Nujum al-Zahirah', the definitive multi-volume chronicle of Egypt from the Arab conquest to 1468.

Cairo, Egypt

11 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

4

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Zara Yaqob (Emperor)

ዘርአ ያዕቆብ

Ethiopian Empire

1399 – 1468 (69 years old)

Fifteenth-century Emperor of Ethiopia from the Solomonic Dynasty whose thirty-four-year reign represented the golden age of medieval Ethiopian power, literature, and church organization.

Lake Tana, Ethiopia

4 Full Record →

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (Donatello)

Arts & Music

9

🕯️ 950

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (Donatello)

Donatello

Italy

c. 1386 – 13 December 1466 (~80 years old)

Supreme master sculptor of the Florentine Early Renaissance who created the bronze David—the first freestanding nude bronze statue since classical antiquity—and pioneered schiacciato low relief.

Florence, Italy

9 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

7

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Imam al-Jazuli

محمد بن سليمان الجزولي

Morocco

c. 1404 – 1465 (61 years old)

Sanhaja Berber Sufi master who authored 'Dala'il al-Khayrat', the most celebrated prayer book in Islamic history, and mobilized national resistance against Portuguese coastal incursions in Morocco.

Marrakech, Morocco

7 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

8

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Nicolas of Cusa

Nicolaus Cusanus

Holy Roman Empire

1401 – 1464 (63 years old)

German Renaissance polymath and cardinal who developed the concept of 'learned ignorance' (docta ignorantia) and the 'coincidence of opposites' (coincidentia oppositorum), anticipating an infinite universe without a center.

Rome, Italy

8 Full Record →

Arts & Music

3

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Rogier van der Weyden

County of Flanders

c. 1399 – 1464 (65 years old)

Early Netherlandish master painter whose heart-rending 'Descent from the Cross' captured intense human emotion, tears, and spiritual pathos with unparalleled precision.

Brussels, Belgium

3 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

3

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François Villon

Kingdom of France

1431 – c. 1463 (31 years old)

Greatest French lyric poet of the late Middle Ages, roguish outlaw, and author of Le Testament and the haunting Ballade des Pendus.

Paris, France

3 Full Record →

Arts & Music

3,153

🕯️ 41

Fra Angelico

Guido di Pietro / Beato Angelico

Italy

1 – 1455 (60 years old)

Florentine Early Renaissance friar celebrated for devout, luminous frescoes and altarpieces of unearthly purity and tranquility.

Rome, Italy

3,153 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

4

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Constantine XI Palaiologos

Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ΄ Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος

Turkey

1405 – 1453 (48 years old)

Last Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who died fighting heroically on the walls of Constantinople during the final Ottoman assault in 1453.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

4 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

17

🕯️ 1,370

Sejong the Great (King of Joseon Korea)

세종대왕 (世宗大王)

South Korea

15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450 (52 years old)

Fourth King of the Joseon Dynasty revered as Korea's greatest monarch. Personally invented the Hangul phonetic alphabet in 1443 so common citizens could read and write, and sponsored world-pioneering rain gauges, celestial globes, and sundials.

Hanseong (Seoul), South Korea

17 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

8

🕯️ 880

Ulugh Beg (Mirza Muhammad Taraghay)

میرزا محمد طارق الغ‌بیگ

Iran

22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449 (55 years old)

Timurid ruler and astronomer who constructed the colossal Samarkand Observatory with its 40-meter meridian sextant, producing the Zij-i Sultani star catalog of 1,018 stars.

Samarkand, Uzbekistan

8 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

4

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Ahmad ibn Ali Ibn Hajar

ابن حجر العسقلاني

🌐 Mamluk Sultanate

1372 – 1449 (76 years old)

Supreme Hadith scholar of late medieval Islam, Chief Shafi'i Judge of Egypt, and author of 'Fath al-Bari', the peerless commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.

Cairo, Egypt

4 Full Record →

Arts & Music

10

🕯️ 985

Filippo Brunelleschi

Italy

1377 – 15 April 1446 (~69 years old)

Florentine architectural genius who engineered the majestic dome of Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore) without scaffolding and mathematically discovered the principles of linear perspective.

Florence, Italy

10 Full Record →

Arts & Music

3

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Robert Campin

County of Hainaut

c. 1375 – 1444 (69 years old)

First great master of Early Netherlandish painting alongside Van Eyck, whose 'Mérode Altarpiece' brought sacred events into realistic contemporary domestic interiors.

Tournai, Belgium

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

5

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Joseph Albo

יוסף אלבו

🌐 Kingdom of Aragon

c. 1380 – c. 1444 (64 years old)

Aragonese Jewish philosopher and apologist whose 'Book of Principles' (Sefer Ha-Ikkarim) distilled Jewish dogmatic theology into three essential fundamentals.

Soria, Spain

5 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

2

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Zeami Motokiyo

世阿弥元清

Japan

c. 1363 – c. 1443 (80 years old)

Greatest playwright and aesthetic philosopher in Japanese history, who transformed Noh theatre into a supreme Zen art form and authored 'Fushikaden' (The Flowering Spirit), articulating the aesthetic concepts of Yugen (subtle grace) and Monomane.

Sado Island (Niigata), Japan

2 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries