Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Humanitarian & Peace

5

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Saint Camillus de Lellis

Camillo de Lellis

Italy

1550 – 1614 (64 years old)

Prêtre italien et saint, fondateur de l'Ordre des Camilliens, inventeur des premières ambulances de guerre et pionnier de l'utilisation de la croix rouge sur les champs de bataille.

Rome, Italy

5 Full Record →

Arts & Music

1,209

🕯️ 174

El Greco

Doménikos Theotokópoulos / Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος

Greece

1541 – 1614 (72 years old)

Visionary master of the Spanish Renaissance whose elongated figures and dramatic acid colors anticipated Expressionism.

Toledo, Spain

1,209 Full Record →

Arts & Music

3

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Carlo Gesualdo

Carlo Gesualdo di Venosa

Kingdom of Naples

1566 – 1613 (47 years old)

Italian Renaissance nobleman and composer whose radical, intensely chromatic madrigals and sacred responsories anticipated modern harmony by three centuries.

Gesualdo, Kingdom of Naples

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Military Leaders & Strategists

2

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Honda Tadakatsu

本多 忠勝

Sengoku Japan

1548 – 1610 (62 years old)

Fabled Japanese samurai warrior and general of Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the 'Four Heavenly Kings of the Tokugawa', who fought in over fifty-seven battles without ever receiving a significant wound.

Kuwana (Mie), Japan

2 Full Record →

Arts & Music

8

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Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi

Italy

29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610 (38 years old)

Revolutionary Italian Baroque painter who electrified Europe by casting dramatic spotlight beams through pitch-black shadows (tenebrism) and depicting saints and martyrs with unsparing, gritty plebeian realism.

Porto Ercole (Tuscany), Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

4

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Henry IV of France (Good King Henry)

Henri IV (Le Vert Galant)

Kingdom of Navarre (France)

1553 – 1610 (56 years old)

First Bourbon King of France who ended the Wars of Religion by issuing the Edict of Nantes and promised 'a chicken in every pot'.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

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Religious Figures & Theologians

3

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Jacobus Arminius

Jacobus Arminius

Seventeen Provinces

1559 – 1609 (50 years old)

Dutch Reformed theologian and professor at Leiden University whose challenge to strict Calvinist predestination founded Arminianism, affirming human free will and conditional election.

Leiden, Netherlands

3 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

8

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Judah Loew ben Bezalel

יהודה ליווא בן בצלאל

Kingdom of Poland

c. 1520 – 1609 (89 years old)

Towering Central European talmudist, philosopher, and mystic legendary for the creation of the Golem and celebrated for his profound dialectical philosophy of Torah and nature.

Prague, Czech Republic

8 Full Record →

Arts & Music

4

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Annibale Carracci

Annibale Carracci

Papal States

1560 – 1609 (48 years old)

Co-founder of the Bolognese Carracci Academy and creator of the monumental Farnese Gallery ceiling in Rome, whose fusion of Michelangelo and Raphael founded the Baroque grand style.

Rome, Italy

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

13

🕯️ 760

Guru Arjan Dev Ji (Fifth Sikh Guru)

ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਦੇਵ

India

15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606 (43 years old)

Fifth Sikh Guru who designed and constructed the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar with four doors welcoming all directions. Compiled the sacred Adi Granth and was martyred on burning sand for refusing to compromise religious truth.

Lahore, Pakistan

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

15

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Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)

جلال الدین محمد اکبر (Akbar)

Pakistan

15 October 1542 – 27 October 1605 (63 years old)

Third Mughal Emperor celebrated for tripling the empire's size, abolishing the sectarian Jizya tax on non-Muslims, establishing the Ibadat Khana interfaith debate hall, and promoting the doctrine of universal harmony (Sulh-i-Kul).

Fatehpur Sikri, India

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Religious Figures & Theologians

3

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Theodore Beza

Théodore de Bèze

Kingdom of France

1519 – 1605 (86 years old)

French humanist, biblical scholar, and direct successor to John Calvin as leader of Geneva whose critical Greek New Testament texts laid the textual foundation for the King James Bible.

Geneva, Switzerland

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

2

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King Naresuan the Great

สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช

Ayutthaya Kingdom

1555 – 1605 (50 years old)

King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom celebrated as Siam's greatest warrior monarch, who liberated Siam from Burmese vassalage and won the legendary elephant duel at Nong Sarai in 1593.

Ayutthaya, Thailand

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

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Ahmad al-Mansur

أحمد المنصور السعدي (الذهبي)

Saadian Sultanate

1549 – 1603 (54 years old)

Glorious Saadian Sultan of Morocco known as 'Al-Dhahabi' (The Golden), who triumphed at the historic Battle of the Three Kings in 1578, conquered the Songhai Empire in Timbuktu, and constructed the opulent El Badi Palace.

Marrakech, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

10

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Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen / Gloriana)

Elizabeth I of England

United Kingdom

7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 (69 years old)

Tudor monarch who ruled England for forty-four years during the Elizabethan Golden Age. Consolidated the Church of England, defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, and patronized the flourishing Renaissance of William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.

Richmond Palace, United Kingdom

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

2

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Idris Alooma

Idris Alooma (Mai of Kanem-Bornu)

🌐 Kanem-Bornu Empire

c. 1571 CE – c. 1603 CE (32 years old)

Renowned Mai (Emperor) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire who modernized his army with Ottoman firearms, camel cavalry, and established legal and administrative reforms based on Islamic law.

Yobe State, Nigeria

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Sciences & Discovery

10

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Tycho Brahe

Tycho Brahe

Denmark

14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601 (54 years old)

Danish nobleman and astronomer whose palace-observatory Uraniborg compiled thirty years of naked-eye astronomical data of unprecedented precision, shattering Aristotelian immutable celestial spheres.

Prague, Czech Republic

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Sciences & Discovery

1,530

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Giordano Bruno

Giordano Bruno

Kingdom of Naples (Italy)

1 – 1600 (52 years old)

Italian cosmological visionary and philosopher who envisioned an infinite universe filled with countless inhabited solar systems.

Rome, Italy

1,530 Full Record →