Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Arts & Music

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Mily Balakirev

Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev

Russia

1837 – 1910 (73 years old)

Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who formed and led 'The Five' (Mighty Handful), inspiring Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin, and composing the virtuosic 'Islamey'.

Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

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Arts & Music

29

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Henri-Edmond Delacroix

Henri-Edmond Cross

France

1856 – 1910 (53 years old)

French Neo-Impressionist master whose mosaic-like blocks of vibrant Mediterranean color in Saint-Clair bridged Pointillism and the birth of Fauvism.

Le Lavandou, France

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Arts & Music

31

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Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel

Михаил Александрович Врубель

Russia

1856 – 1910 (54 years old)

Genius of Russian Symbolism and Art Nouveau whose fractured, crystalline brushwork and haunting series of 'The Demon' anticipated Cubism and modernism.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Arts & Music

1,327

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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков

Russia

1844 – 1908 (64 years old)

Russian master of orchestral color and folklore, renowned for Scheherazade, Capriccio Espagnol, and Flight of the Bumblebee.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Arts & Music

4,126

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Edvard Grieg

Edvard Hagerup Grieg

Norway

1843 – 1907 (64 years old)

Norway's supreme nationalist composer, world-celebrated for Peer Gynt, the Piano Concerto in A minor, and Lyric Pieces.

Bergen, Norway

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Arts & Music

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Paul Cézanne

Paul Cézanne

France

19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906 (67 years old)

The solitary genius of Aix-en-Provence proclaimed by both Picasso and Matisse as 'the father of us all', who deconstructed visual reality into underlying cylinders, spheres, and cones in his Mont Sainte-Victoire series, birthing Cubism.

Aix-en-Provence, France

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Arts & Music

31

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Raja Ravi Varma

രാജാ രവിവർമ്മ

India

1848 – 1906 (58 years old)

Pioneering Indian painter who fused European academic oil technique with Hindu iconography, establishing the visual archetypes of Hindu gods and goddesses through accessible oleograph prints.

Kilimanoor (Kerala), India

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Arts & Music

34

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William-Adolphe Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau

France

1825 – 1905 (79 years old)

Supreme academic master of the French Salon whose breathtaking anatomical perfection, mythological masterworks like 'The Birth of Venus', and 822 finished canvases set the zenith of academic realism.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

31

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Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel

Adolph Menzel

Poland

1815 – 1905 (89 years old)

Brilliant Prussian Realist painter and illustrator whose monumental canvases of Frederick the Great and industrial masterpiece 'The Iron Rolling Mill' captured the 19th-century machine age.

Berlin, Germany

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Arts & Music

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Antonín Leopold Dvořák

Antonín Dvořák

Czech Republic

8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904 (62 years old)

Supreme Czech national composer whose Slavonic Dances, sublime Cello Concerto in B minor, and iconic Symphony No. 9 'From the New World' united Bohemian folk idioms with universal symphonic grandeur.

Prague (Bohemia), Czech Republic

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Arts & Music

30

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Jean-Léon Gérôme

Jean-Léon Gérôme

France

1824 – 1904 (79 years old)

Titan of French Academic painting and sculpture whose hyper-realistic historical, gladiator, and Orientalist canvases—such as 'Pollice Verso'—shaped modern historical imagery.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

3,456

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Camille Pissarro

Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro

United states

1830 – 1903 (73 years old)

Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter, revered as the patriarchal mentor of Cézanne, Gauguin, and Seurat.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Rentaro Taki

滝 廉太郎

Japan

1879 – 1903 (23 years old)

Pioneering Meiji-era Japanese composer and pianist who wrote the beloved song Kojo no Tsuki (The Moon over the Ruined Castle), fusing Western classical harmony with Japanese pentatonic lyricism.

Oita, Japan

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Arts & Music

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Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin

Paul Gauguin

France

7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903 (54 years old)

French Post-Impressionist painter who abandoned bourgeois civilization to pioneer Synthetism and Symbolism, using flat blocks of pure non-naturalistic color and mythic Tahitian imagery in Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

Atuona (Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands), France

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Arts & Music

3,767

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa

France

1864 – 1901 (36 years old)

French painter and printmaker whose striking posters and paintings captured the decadent nightlife of Montmartre's Belle Époque.

Verdelais, France

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Arts & Music

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Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi

Giuseppe Verdi

Italy

10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901 (87 years old)

Supreme giant of Italian opera and national hero of the Risorgimento, whose impassioned melodies and dramatic truth in Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata, Aida, and the Requiem captured the beating heart of humanity.

Milan, Italy

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Arts & Music

29

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Arnold Böcklin

Arnold Böcklin

Switzerland

1827 – 1901 (73 years old)

Swiss Symbolist master whose haunting, mythic masterpiece 'Isle of the Dead' (Die Toteninsel)—painted in five variations—fascinated Freud, Lenin, Rachmaninoff, and Dali.

Florence, Italy

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Arts & Music

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Wilhelm Maria Hubertus Leibl

Wilhelm Leibl

Germany

1844 – 1900 (56 years old)

German Realist master whose meticulous Holbeinesque brushwork and rustic village masterworks—including 'Three Women in Church'—won the admiration of Gustave Courbet in Paris.

Würzburg, Germany

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