Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Plutarco Elias Calles

Plutarco Elías Calles

Mexico

1877 – 1945 (68 years old)

President of Mexico who founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that ruled Mexico for seven decades, and whose fierce enforcement of anti-clerical laws provoked the Cristero War.

Mexico City, Mexico

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

28

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Subhas Chandra Bose

সুভাষচন্দ্র বসু (নেতাজি)

India

1897 – 1945 (48 years old)

Revolutionary Indian nationalist leader revered as 'Netaji' (Respected Leader), who established the Indian National Army (INA) and proclaimed the Azad Hind Provisional Government with the battle cry 'Jai Hind!'.

Tokyo, Japan

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

30

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John Curtin

John Joseph Curtin

Australia

1885 – 1945 (60 years old)

Fourteenth Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945) who successfully led Australia through the darkest perils of World War II, defied Winston Churchill to recall Australian troops to defend the homeland, and forged the historic alliance with the United States.

Perth (Western Australia), Australia

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

32

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

United States

1882-01-30 – 1945-04-12 (63 years old)

Redefined American liberalism, built the modern social safety net, organized the Arsenal of Democracy to defeat fascism, and laid the foundations for the United Nations.

Warm Springs, Georgia, United States

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Al Smith

Alfred Emanuel Smith

United States

1873 – 1944 (70 years old)

Four-term Governor of New York, leader of Tammany Hall reform, and the first Roman Catholic major-party presidential nominee (1928) who built the Empire State Building.

Queens, New York, United States

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Abdelaziz Thâalbi

عبد العزيز الثعالبي

Tunisia

September 5, 1874 – October 1, 1944 (70 years old)

Visionary Tunisian political leader and Islamic modernist who founded the Constitutional Liberal Party (Destour) in 1920, articulating the earliest systematic demands for national sovereignty and constitutional emancipation from French colonial rule.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Manuel L. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina

Philippine

1878 – 1944 (65 years old)

First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines who championed the Tydings-McDuffie Act securing Philippine independence, created the national language (Filipino), and rescued over 1,200 European Jews.

Quezon City (Metro Manila), Philippines

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Talaat Harb

طلعت حرب

Egypt

November 25, 1867 – August 13, 1941 (73 years old)

Visionary Egyptian economic pioneer and industrial titan who founded Banque Misr in 1920, breaking the foreign banking monopoly and establishing dozens of cornerstone national enterprises including EgyptAir and Studio Misr.

Cairo, Egypt

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Michael Joseph Savage

Michael Joseph Savage

Australia

1872 – 1940 (68 years old)

First Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand (1935–1940), universally revered as the 'Father of the Modern Welfare State' whose 1938 Social Security Act introduced the world's first universal, free healthcare and cradle-to-grave social security system.

Auckland, New Zealand

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

30

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Elihu Root

Elihu Root

United States

1845 – 1937 (91 years old)

Secretary of War, Secretary of State, and 1912 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who modernized the US Army, designed territorial administrations, and co-founded the World Court.

Clinton, New York, United States

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

28

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Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

United States

1841 – 1935 (93 years old)

Supreme Court Justice known as 'The Great Dissenter' who formulated legal realism in The Common Law and defined the 'clear and present danger' test for free speech.

Arlington, Virginia, United States

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Raymond Poincaré

Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré

France

1860 – 1934 (74 years old)

President of France throughout World War I who formed the 'Union Sacrée' and served as five-time Prime Minister, stabilizing the currency as 'Poincaré the Franc'.

Nubécourt (Meuse), France

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Hipolito Yrigoyen

Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen

Argentina

1852 – 1933 (80 years old)

Two-time President of Argentina and leader of the Radical Civic Union (UCR), who was the first president elected under universal male suffrage (Saenz Pena Law), founding YPF and universal social reform.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Inukai Tsuyoshi

犬養 毅

Japan

1855 – 1932 (76 years old)

Prime Minister of Japan and 'God of Constitutional Politics' whose murder by military extremists in the May 15 Incident ended pre-war Japanese party democracy.

Tokyo, Japan

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Aristide Briand

Aristide Briand

France

1862-03-28 – 1932-03-07 (69 years old)

Awarded the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize; pioneer of European reconciliation and the visionary proposal for a European federal union in 1929.

Paris, France

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour

Arthur James Balfour

Scotland

1848 – 1930 (81 years old)

British Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary whose 1917 Balfour Declaration supported a Jewish national home in Palestine, and whose 1926 report established the British Commonwealth.

Whittingehame (East Lothian), United Kingdom

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Georges Clemenceau

Georges Benjamin Clemenceau

France

1841-09-28 – 1929-11-24 (88 years old)

Unbending wartime prime minister who restored national civilian and military resolve to achieve victory in World War I.

Paris, France

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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José Batlle y Ordóñez

José Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ordóñez

Uruguay

1856 – 1929 (73 years old)

Two-term President of Uruguay whose visionary 'Batllismo' reforms created the first welfare state in the Americas, introducing eight-hour workdays and female suffrage.

Montevideo, Uruguay

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