Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Literature & Poetry

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Al-Akhtal

الأخطل

Iraq

c. 640 – c. 710 (70 years old)

Preeminent Arab Christian poet of the Taghlib tribe who served as official court poet to Umayyad Caliphs Abd al-Malik and Al-Walid I.

Raqqa, Syria

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

35

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Wu Zetian

武则天 (武曌)

China

0624 – 0705 (81 years old)

Only female emperor regnant in five millennia of Chinese history, who founded her own Zhou Dynasty (690–705 CE), expanded the empire, and democratized government through imperial civil service examinations.

Qian County (Shaanxi), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

38

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Wu Zetian (Emperor Wu Zhao of Zhou)

武則天 (Wu Zhao / Sacred and Divine Emperor)

China

17 February 624 CE – 16 December 705 CE (81 years old)

The only female emperor in four millennia of Chinese history. Founded her own Zhou Dynasty (690–705 CE), broke the hereditary aristocracy by promoting scholars through meritocratic imperial examinations, and commissioned the colossal Longmen Grottoes Buddhas.

Shangyang Palace (Luoyang), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

38

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Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

عبد الملك بن مروان

Saudi Arabia

c. 0646 CE – 0705 (~59 years old)

Fifth Umayyad Caliph who built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, standardized Arabic as the imperial language, and introduced Islamic epigraphic coinage.

Damascus, Syria

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Military

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Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani

حسان بن النعمان الغساني

Syria

c. 635 AD – c. 705 AD (~70 years old)

Umayyad supreme commander who conquered Byzantine Carthage in 698 AD, founded the city and naval shipyard of Tunis, established the Ez-Zitouna Mosque, and organized the civilian administration of Ifriqiya.

Damascus, Syria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Isaac of Nineveh

ܡܪܝ ܐܝܣܚܩ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ

Qatar

c. 613 CE – c. 700 CE (87 years old)

Beloved Eastern Christian mystic and bishop of Nineveh celebrated for his profound ascetic discourses on universal divine mercy, contemplation, and tears of love.

Khuzestan, Iran

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Emperor Gaozong of Tang

唐高宗 (李治)

China

0628 – 0683 (55 years old)

Ninth son of Emperor Taizong and third emperor of the Tang dynasty (649–683 CE) under whose reign the Tang Empire reached its greatest geographic extent, conquering Goguryeo and Baekje in Korea and expanding protectorates to the borders of Persia.

Qianxian (Shaanxi), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Mu'awiya I (Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan)

معاوية بن أبي سفيان

Saudi Arabia

c. 0602 CE – 0680 (~78 years old)

Founder of the Umayyad Caliphate who moved the Islamic capital to Damascus, established the first Muslim naval fleet, and created imperial postal networks.

Damascus, Syria

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

سعد بن أبي وقاص

Saudi Arabia

1 – 1 (79 years old)

Companion of the Prophet, archer, and supreme commander who crushed the Sasanian Persian Empire at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and captured Ctesiphon.

Medina, Saudi Arabia

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Kim Yu-sin

김유신 (태대각간)

Silla Kingdom

0595 – 0673 (78 years old)

Supreme general of the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla, master of the elite Hwarang warrior code, who unified the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo) in the seventh century.

Gyeongju (Gyeongsangbuk-do), South Korea

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Military

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Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Kindi

معاوية بن حديج الكندي

Yemen

c. 610 AD – 672 AD (~62 years old)

Early Muslim commander who led expeditions into Byzantine Africa in the 660s AD, establishing the strategic military camp at Mount Qarn and Jalula near Kairouan before Uqba's founding.

Kairouan (Jalula), Tunisia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Xuanzang

玄奘

Sui Dynasty

0602 – 0664 (61 years old)

Tang Dynasty monk and explorer who made a historic 17-year pilgrimage to India, studied at Nalanda, translated 1,330 volumes into Chinese, and inspired 'Journey to the West'.

Xi'an, China

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Amr ibn al-As

عمرو بن العاص

Saudi Arabia

1 – 0664 (91 years old)

Master Arab general and statesman who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt, captured Alexandria from the Byzantine Empire, and founded Fustat (Cairo).

Cairo, Egypt

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Maximus the Confessor

Μάξιμος ὁ Ὁμολογητής

Turkey

c. 580 CE – 0662 (82 years old)

Titan of Byzantine theology who steadfastly defended Christ's two natural wills against Monothelitism, suffering the severing of his tongue and right hand for his confession.

Tsageri, Georgia

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Literature & Poetry

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Labid ibn Rabi'a

لبيد بن ربيعة

Saudi Arabia

c. 560 – c. 661 (101 years old)

Celebrated pre-Islamic warrior-poet whose golden ode hangs in the Mu'allaqat, who embraced Islam and lived to a centenarian age in Kufa.

Kufa, Iraq

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Gyebaek

계백

South Korea

c. 610 CE – 0660 (50 years old)

Heroic general of the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje who made a legendary last stand with 5,000 suicide troops at the Battle of Hwangsanbeol against a 50,000-man Silla army.

Nonsan (Chungcheongnam-do), South Korea

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Dharmakirti

धर्मकीर्ति

🌐 Sri Lanka

c. 600 CE – c. 660 CE (60 years old)

Peerless Buddhist epistemologist and philosopher whose 'Pramanavarttika' commentary on Dignaga became the foundational logical textbook in Tibetan monastic universities for centuries.

Odisha, India

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

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Emperor Taizong of Tang (Li Shimin)

唐太宗 李世民 (Li Shimin)

China

28 January 598 CE – 10 July 649 CE (51 years old)

Second Emperor of the Tang Dynasty and one of China's greatest sovereigns. Inaugurated the "Reign of Zhenguan"—a golden age of domestic peace, honest governance, economic prosperity, and welcoming openness along the Silk Road.

Cuiwei Palace (Chang'an), China

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