Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Statesmanship & Statesmen

Edith Cowan

Edith Dircksey Cowan

Australia

1861-08-02 – 1932-06-09 (70 years old)

Trailblazing social reformer who made history in 1921 as the first woman elected to an Australian Parliament (Western Australia), featured on the Australian fifty-dollar banknote.

Karrakatta, Perth, Australia

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Inukai Tsuyoshi

犬養毅

Japan

1855 – 1932 (76 years old)

Prime Minister of Japan and 'God of Constitutional Politics' whose murder by military extremists in the May 15 Incident ended pre-war Japanese party democracy.

Tokyo, Japan

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Julia Lathrop

Julia Clifford Lathrop

United States

1858 – 1932 (73 years old)

Pioneering American social reformer who created the world's first juvenile court system in Chicago in 1899 and became the first woman to head a United States federal government agency as Chief of the US Children's Bureau.

Rockford (Illinois), United States

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Art

Statesmanship & Statesmen

Harriet Backer

Norway

1845-01-21 – 1932-03-25 (87 years old)

Master Norwegian painter acclaimed across Europe for her virtuosic handling of interior daylight, color harmony, and atmospheric stillness in works like Blått interiør.

Oslo, Norway

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Aristide Briand

France

1862-03-28 – 1932-03-07 (69 years old)

Awarded the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize; pioneer of European reconciliation and the visionary proposal for a European federal union in 1929.

Paris, France

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Florence Kelley

United States

1859 – 1932 (72 years old)

Tireless American labor and consumer reformer who lived at Hull House, served as Illinois' first female Chief Factory Inspector, founded the National Consumers League, and co-founded the NAACP in 1909.

Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), United States

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Ferdinand Édouard Buisson

France

20 December 1841 – 16 February 1932 (90 years old)

Ferdinand Buisson was a French academic, philosopher, and social reformer who co-founded the League of Human Rights (Ligue des droits de l'homme) and served as Jules Ferry's Director of Primary Education, creating France's free, mandatory, secular public school system (laïcité). A passionate advocate of Franco-German pacifist reconciliation, he shared the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize with Ludwig Quidde.

Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, Oise, France

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Julius Rosenwald

United States

1862 – 1932 (69 years old)

Président de Sears, Roebuck & Co. et philanthrope visionnaire, financeur avec Booker T. Washington de plus de 5 000 écoles pour les enfants afro-américains dans le Sud ségrégué.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

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Literature & Poetry

Jalil Mammadguluzadeh

Cəlil Məmmədquluzadə

Azerbaijan

1869-02-22 – 1932-01-04 (62 years old)

Legendary satirist, publicist, and playwright who founded the revolutionary illustrated satirical journal 'Molla Nasreddin' in 1906, fighting religious superstition and advocating female liberation.

Baku, Azerbaijan

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Law

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Henrietta Muir Edwards

Henrietta Louise Muir Edwards

Canada

1849 – 1931 (81 years old)

Eminent legal scholar and member of the Famous Five who published Canada's first working women's magazine, co-founded the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON), and compiled foundational legal handbooks on women's rights.

Calgary (Alberta), Canada

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Literature & Poetry

Arthur Schnitzler

Austria

1862-05-15 – 1931-10-21 (69 years old)

Preeminent fin-de-siècle Viennese dramatist and physician admired by Sigmund Freud, whose daring psychological masterworks (such as 'Reigen' and 'Traumnovelle') exposed the hidden drives of the human psyche.

Vienna, Austria

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Military

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Sir John Monash

Australia

1865-06-27 – 1931-10-08 (66 years old)

Renowned civil engineer and Lieutenant General regarded as one of the most brilliant military commanders of World War I, whose combined-arms tactics at the Battle of Hamel broke the Western Front.

Caulfield South, Melbourne, Australia

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Music

Resistance & Human Rights

Carl Nielsen

Carl August Nielsen

Denmark

1865-06-09 – 1931-10-03 (66 years old)

Universally acclaimed as Denmark's greatest composer, celebrated for six monumental symphonies—including The Four Temperaments and The Inextinguishable—and beloved Danish folk songs.

Copenhagen, Denmark

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Omar al-Mukhtar

عمر المختار

Libya

1858 – 1931 (73 years old)

Libyan Quranic teacher and legendary military strategist known as the 'Lion of the Desert', who led the armed Bedouin resistance against Italian colonial fascism for nearly twenty years.

Benghazi, Libya

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Arts & Music

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Tom Roberts

Thomas William Roberts

United Kingdom

1856-03-08 – 1931-09-14 (75 years old)

Master painter and foundational leader of the Heidelberg School of Australian Impressionism whose iconic national canvases include 'Shearing the Rams' and the monumental Federation painting 'The Big Picture'.

Illawarra, Tasmania, Australia

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Arts & Music

Bix Beiderbecke

Leon Bismark Beiderbecke

United States

1903 – 1931 (28 years old)

Pioneering American jazz cornetist and composer whose pure tone, lyrical phrasing, and Debussy-inspired harmonies created an influential alternative to Louis Armstrong's hot jazz.

Queens, New York, United States

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