Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Cheikh El Haddad

محمد أمزيان بن علي الحداد

Algeria

c. 1790 – 1873 (83 years old)

Spiritual master of the Rahmaniyya Sufi order whose proclamation of holy resistance in April 1871 mobilized hundreds of thousands of disciples alongside Cheikh El Mokrani in the great Algerian uprising.

Seddouk (Béjaïa), Algeria

4 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,830

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Justus von Liebig

Justus Freiherr von Liebig

Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Germany)

1803 – 1873 (69 years old)

German chemist celebrated as the 'father of the fertilizer industry' who formulated Liebig's law of the minimum and invented the Liebig condenser.

Munich, Bavaria, Germany

1,830 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

Mary Somerville

Mary Fairfax Somerville

Scotland

1780 – 1872 (91 years old)

Scottish polymath, astronomer, and mathematician whose 1834 masterpiece 'On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences' united astronomy, physics, and chemistry, inspiring William Whewell to coin the word 'scientist' in her review.

Naples, Italy

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4

Théophile Gautier

Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier

First French Empire

1811 – 1872 (61 years old)

Pioneering French poet, critic, and novelist who formulated the aesthetic doctrine of 'Art for Art's sake' (l'art pour l'art) in Mademoiselle de Maupin and Émaux et Camées.

Paris, France

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4

William H. Seward

William Henry Seward

United States

1801 – 1872 (71 years old)

Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of State who prevented European intervention during the Civil War, survived an assassination attempt, and engineered the 1867 purchase of Alaska.

Auburn, New York, United States

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Benito Juarez

Benito Pablo Juarez Garcia

Viceroyalty of New Spain

1806 – 1872 (66 years old)

First indigenous President of Mexico (1858–1872), full-blooded Zapotec lawyer who enacted 'La Reforma' separating church and state, defeated French imperial invasion under Emperor Maximilian, and defended Mexican democratic sovereignty, hailed as 'Benemérito de las Américas'.

Mexico City, Mexico

3 Full Record →

8

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Benito Juárez

Benito Pablo Juárez García

Mexico

1806-03-21 – 1872-07-18 (66 years old)

Benemérito de las Américas (Meritorious of the Americas); cemented secular republicanism, indigenous legal equality, and national sovereignty against imperialist intervention.

Mexico City, Mexico

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Sciences & Discovery

9

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Charles Babbage

United Kingdom

26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871 (79 years old)

English mathematician and mechanical engineer who designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine, originating the fundamental architecture of modern programmable digital computers.

Marylebone (London), United Kingdom

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6

Resistance & Human Rights

Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha

Mehmed Emin Âli Paşa

Ottoman Empire

1815 – 1871 (56 years old)

Grand Vizier and chief architect of the Ottoman Tanzimat reforms whose Reform Edict of 1856 (Islâhat Fermânı) established equal civic citizenship for all religious creeds.

Istanbul, Turkey

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Cheikh El Mokrani

محمد المقراني

Algeria

c. 1815 – 1871 (56 years old)

Algerian nobleman and leader of the massive 1871 Mokrani Revolt, uniting over 250 Berber and Arab tribes in the greatest armed insurrection against French colonial rule of the 19th century.

Algiers, Algeria

3 Full Record →

10

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Alexandre Dumas (Dumas père)

Alexandre Dumas

France

24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870 (68 years old)

Supreme master of swashbuckling historical adventure fiction whose timeless serial epics—The Three Musketeers (All for one, one for all!) and The Count of Monte Cristo—rank among the most widely translated novels in human history.

Puys (Dieppe, Normandy), France

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Arts & Music

Jean Frédéric Bazille

Frédéric Bazille

Kingdom of France

1841 – 1870 (28 years old)

Brilliant early Impressionist painter who shared his studio with Monet, Renoir, and Sisley, painted 'The Family Reunion', and died tragically in battle at age twenty-eight.

Montpellier, France

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Military Leaders & Strategists

Prosper Mérimée

French Republic

1803 – 1870 (66 years old)

Master French novella writer, archaeologist, and Inspector General of Historical Monuments who wrote Carmen and preserved France's architectural heritage.

Cannes, France

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5

Admiral David Glasgow Farragut

David Glasgow Farragut

United States

1801 – 1870 (69 years old)

First Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral of the United States Navy who captured New Orleans and won the Battle of Mobile Bay ('Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!').

Bronx (New York City), United States

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Resistance & Human Rights

8

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Charles John Huffam Dickens (Boz)

Charles Dickens

Great Britain

7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870 (58 years old)

Undisputed giant of the Victorian novel and crusader against social cruelty whose unforgettable characters and serialized masterworks—A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and Great Expectations—championed the poor and reshaped global Christmas culture.

Gad's Hill Place (Higham, Kent), Great Britain

8 Full Record →