Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Military Leaders & Strategists

28

🕯️ 0

Godfrey of Bouillon

Godefroy de Bouillon

Belgium

1 – 1100 (40 years old)

Leader of the First Crusade and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem who took the title 'Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre' and won the Battle of Ascalon.

Jerusalem, Palestine

28 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

28

🕯️ 0

Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid)

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar

Spain

1 – 1099 (56 years old)

Castilian military leader and folk hero of the Reconquista who served both Christian and Muslim lords, never lost a battle, and conquered Valencia.

Burgos, Spain

28 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

28

🕯️ 0

Marpa Chokyi Lodro

མར་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས

China

c. 1012 – c. 1097 (85 years old)

Tibetan householder yogi and translator who journeyed thrice to India, studied under Naropa and Maitripa, and founded the Kagyu lineage in Tibet, famously mentoring Milarepa.

Lhodrak, China

28 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

4

🕯️ 0

Al-Sarakhsi

محمد بن أحمد السرخسي

Iran

1009 – 1096 (87 years old)

Monumental 11th-century Hanafi jurist titled 'Sun of the Imams' who dictated his thirty-volume legal masterpiece 'Al-Mabsut' from memory inside a prison well.

Uzgend, Kyrgyzstan

4 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

12

🕯️ 0

Imam al-Hadrami

الإمام الحضرمي

Tunisia

c. 1020 – 1095 (~75 years old)

Eminent 11th-century philosopher and jurist of the Almoravid movement who served as Chief Qadi of the Saharan capital of Azougui, authoring the earliest mirror-for-princes in the Sahara.

Azougui (Adrar), Mauritania

12 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

17

🕯️ 0

Abu al-Hasan al-Husari

أبو الحسن الحصري القيرواني

Tunisia

c. 1029 – 1095 (~66 years old)

Blind master lyricist of Kairouan whose romantic masterpiece 'Ya Laylu al-Sabbu Mata Ghaduhu' (O Night, When Will the Lover's Dawn Arrive?) became one of the most famous love poems in Arabic history.

Tangier, Morocco

17 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

42

🕯️ 790

Shen Kuo (Shen Gua)

沈括

China

1031 CE – 1095 CE (64 years old)

Song Dynasty universal polymath whose Dream Pool Essays described the magnetic needle compass (magnetic declination), petrified bamboo fossils (geomorphology), and movable type printing.

Yuhang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang), China

42 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

31

🕯️ 0

Malik Shah I

جلال الدولة معز الدنيا والدين ملكشاه

Seljuk Empire

1055 – 1092 (37 years old)

Third and greatest Sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire whose reign, alongside Grand Vizier Nizam al-Mulk, represented the military and cultural zenith of medieval Islamic civilization.

Isfahan, Iran

31 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

47

🕯️ 930

Nizam al-Mulk

Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi

Iran

1018-04-10 – 1092-10-14 (74 years old)

Pinnacle of medieval Islamic statecraft and institutional administration; built the educational foundations that fostered minds like Al-Ghazali.

Near Sahneh, Kermanshah, Iran

47 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

7

🕯️ 0

Al-Nasir ibn Alnas

الناصر بن علناس بن حماد

Algeria

c. 1030 – 1088 (~58 years old)

Fifth Hammadid Sultan who founded the Mediterranean maritime capital of En-Nasiriya (modern Bejaïa) in 1067 and built the legendary Pearl Palace (Qasr al-Lu'lu'a).

Bejaïa, Algeria

7 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

46

🕯️ 1,150

William I of England (William the Conqueror / Guillaume le Conquérant)

Guillaume le Conquérant

France

c. 1028 CE – 9 September 1087 (~59 years old)

Duke of Normandy who launched the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, decisively winning the Battle of Hastings. Replaced the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy with Anglo-Norman feudalism, commissioned the Domesday Book, and built the Tower of London.

Rouen, France

46 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

5

🕯️ 0

Ibrahim ibn al-Zarqali of Morocco

إبراهيم بن يحيى الزرقالي

Morocco

c. 1029 – 1087 (~58 years old)

Pioneering astronomer whose planetary tables ('Toledan Tables') and universal astrolabe ('Azafea' / Al-Safiha) were adopted by Moroccan astronomers in Fez and across Renaissance Europe.

Fez / Cordoba, Morocco

5 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

6

🕯️ 0

Abu Bakr ibn Umar al-Lamtuni

أبو بكر بن عمر اللمتوني

Morocco

c. 1020 – 1087 (~67 years old)

Supreme Almoravid leader who laid the foundation stone of Marrakech in 1062, selflessly transferred northern rule to Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and conquered the Ghana Empire.

Tagant (honored in Marrakech), Mauritania

6 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

8

🕯️ 0

Abu Bakr ibn Amer

أبو بكر بن عامر اللمتوني

Mauritania

c. 1025 – 1087 (~62 years old)

Pivotal Almoravid military leader who conquered the southern Saharan trade corridors, captured Koumbi Saleh, and established the fortified capital of Azougui in the Adrar plateau.

Atar (Adrar), Mauritania

8 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

25

🕯️ 0

Constantinus Africanus

قسطنطين الإفريقي

Tunisia

c. 1020 – c. 1087 (67 years old)

North African physician and scholar who revolutionized European medicine by translating dozens of monumental Arabic medical and pharmacological texts into Latin at Salerno and Monte Cassino.

Cassino, Italy

25 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

44

🕯️ 650

Wang Anshi

王安石

China

1021-12-08 – 1086-05-21 (64 years old)

Pioneered welfare-state economics and proto-monetary market regulation nearly a millennium ahead of modern Western state planning.

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

44 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

32

🕯️ 0

Abd al-Malik ibn Abd Allah al-Juwayni

إمام الحرمين الجويني

🌐 Seljuk Empire

1028 – 1085 (57 years old)

Eminent Shafi'i jurist and theologian who taught in Mecca and Medina, headed the prestigious Nizamiyya Academy of Nishapur, and mentored Abu Hamid al-Ghazali.

Nishapur, Iran

32 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

32

🕯️ 0

Robert Guiscard (The Cunning)

Robert Guiscard / Robert de Hauteville

France

1 – 1085 (70 years old)

Norman adventurer and conqueror who established the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, drove Byzantium and Saracens from southern Italy, and sacked Rome.

Venosa, Italy

32 Full Record →