Historical Archives & Public Figures

Georg Trakl

Austria

1887-02-03 – 1914-11-03 (27 years old)

Pioneering expressionist lyric poet whose dark, hypnotic verses of decay, twilight, and autumn reached tragic apotheosis in 'Grodek', written during the horrors of World War I.

Innsbruck, Austria

1 Full Record →

Politics

1

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Julio Argentino Roca

Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz

Argentina

1843-07-17 – 1914-10-19 (71 years old)

Influential and polarizing statesman who served twice as President of Argentina, leading the 'Generation of Eighty' that enacted secular public education (Law 1420) and modernized national infrastructure.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

1 Full Record →

Art

4

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Kitty Kielland

Christine Løvmand Kielland

Norway

1843-10-08 – 1914-10-01 (70 years old)

Pioneering Norwegian landscape painter and early feminist leader who elevated the flat peat bogs and vast skies of Jæren into solemn realist masterworks.

Oslo, Norway

4 Full Record →

Arts & Music

33

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August Macke

Germany

1887 – 1914 (27 years old)

German Expressionist painter of Der Blaue Reiter whose lyrical works fused French Cubism and Orphism with radiant, luminous color harmonies before his tragic death in WWI.

Perthes-lès-Hurlus, France

33 Full Record →

Economics

1

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Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk

Eugen Böhm Ritter von Bawerk

Historical Austria

1851-02-12 – 1914-08-27 (63 years old)

Leading Austrian economist and three-time Finance Minister of Austria-Hungary whose monumental work 'Capital and Interest' formulated the time-preference theory of interest and critique of Marxism.

Vienna, Austria

1 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

41

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Jean Jaurès

Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès

France

1859-09-03 – 1914-07-31 (54 years old)

Greatest moral tribune of the French left, who harmonized democratic republican values with democratic socialism and anti-militarism.

Paris, France

41 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

27

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Charlotte Forten Grimke

Charlotte Louise Bridges Forten Grimke

United States

1837 – 1914 (76 years old)

Pioneering African American abolitionist, poet, and diarist who traveled to the Sea Islands of South Carolina during the Civil War to educate liberated enslaved families in the historic Port Royal Experiment.

Suitland (Maryland), United States

27 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

4

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Jurji Zaydan

جرجي زيدان

Lebanon

14 December 1861 – 21 July 1914 (52 years old)

Prolific Lebanese-Egyptian scholar who founded the monumental monthly 'Al-Hilal' in 1892 and pioneered the Arabic historical novel.

Cairo, Egypt

4 Full Record →

Politics

0

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Charles Buls

Charles François Gommaire Buls

Belgium

1837-10-13 – 1914-07-13 (76 years old)

Visionary Burgomaster of Brussels whose 18-year administration preserved the historical medieval Grand-Place from destructive modern demolition and established the principles of urban heritage conservation.

Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium

0 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

38

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Bertha von Suttner

Bertha Sophia Felicita Freifrau von Suttner

Czech Republic

9 June 1843 – 21 June 1914 (71 years old)

Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist who wrote the epochal anti-war bestseller Lay Down Your Arms! (1889), inspired Alfred Nobel to create the Nobel Peace Prize, and in 1905 became the first woman to win it.

Vienna, Austria

38 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

34

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Charles Sanders Peirce

United States

1839 – 1914 (74 years old)

American philosopher, logician, and scientist celebrated as the father of pragmatism and modern semiotics, who introduced abduction (inference to the best explanation).

Milford (Pennsylvania), United States

34 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

39

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Hubertine Auclert

Marie Anne Hubertine Auclert

France

10 April 1848 – 4 April 1914 (65 years old)

French feminist pioneer and journalist who popularized the word 'feminism', founded the journal La Citoyenne, and waged militant campaigns of tax resistance and civil disobedience for women's voting rights.

Paris, France

39 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

28

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Charles Albert Gobat

Switzerland

21 May 1843 – 16 March 1914 (70 years old)

Charles Albert Gobat was a Swiss lawyer, statesman, and educator who served as administrator of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and later directed the International Peace Bureau. Jointly awarded the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize with Élie Ducommun, Gobat passed away while addressing a peace conference in Bern on the eve of World War I.

Bern, Switzerland

28 Full Record →

Art

4

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Theodor Kittelsen

Theodor Severin Kittelsen

Norway

1857-04-27 – 1914-01-21 (56 years old)

Iconic Norwegian painter and illustrator whose haunting, magical illustrations defined the visual depiction of trolls, water spirits (Nøkken), and the Black Death in Norwegian folklore.

Oslo, Norway

4 Full Record →

Science

4

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Anderson Ruffin Abbott

Anderson Abbott

Canada

7 April 1837 – 29 December 1913 (76 years old)

Trailblazing Toronto-born doctor who became the first Canadian-born Black licensed physician in 1861 and served as a civilian surgeon attending President Lincoln on his deathbed.

Toronto, Canada

4 Full Record →

Politics

3

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Menelik II

Sahle Maryam

Ethiopia

1844-08-17 – 1913-12-12 (69 years old)

Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913) whose military genius routed the invading Italian army at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, preserving Ethiopia's sovereignty and founding Addis Ababa.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

3 Full Record →

Menelik II (Emperor of Ethiopia / Victor of Adwa)

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

52

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Menelik II (Emperor of Ethiopia / Victor of Adwa)

ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ (Dagmawi Menelik)

Ethiopia

17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913 (69 years old)

Emperor of Ethiopia who decisively defeated the invading Italian colonial army at the historic Battle of Adwa on March 1, 1896, preserving Ethiopia as the only uncolonized sovereign nation in Africa. Founded the capital Addis Ababa.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

52 Full Record →