Historical Archives & Public Figures

William Knibb

Great Britain

1803 – 1845 (42 years old)

English Baptist missionary in Jamaica who defied colonial planter mobs, testified before the British Parliament, and founded 'Free Villages' where newly emancipated enslaved families could purchase their own independent land.

Falmouth (Trelawny), Jamaica

3 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

3

🕯️ 0

Elizabeth Fry

Elizabeth Gurney

United Kingdom

1780 – 1845 (65 years old)

Quaker reformer revered as the 'Angel of Prisons' who transformed conditions for incarcerated women and children in Newgate Prison and founded modern prison reform.

Barking, United Kingdom

3 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

8

🕯️ 0

Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney)

Elizabeth Fry

Great Britain

1780 – 1845 (65 years old)

Philanthrope quaker britannique surnommée « l'Ange des prisons », pionnière du traitement humain des détenus et de l'éducation des prisonnières.

Barking, London, United Kingdom

8 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

6

🕯️ 0

Bienheureux Edmund Ignatius Rice

Éamann Iognáid Rís

Ireland

1762 – 1844 (82 years old)

Commerçant irlandais fortuné qui renonça à ses biens après le décès de sa femme pour fonder les Frères Chrétiens et ouvrir des écoles gratuites pour les garçons pauvres de Waterford.

Waterford, Ireland

6 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,850

🕯️ 105

John Dalton

Kingdom of Great Britain

1766 – 1844 (77 years old)

English chemist and physicist who introduced the modern atomic theory into chemistry and pioneered research into color blindness.

Manchester, United Kingdom

2,850 Full Record →

Arts & Music

4

🕯️ 0

Bertel Thorvaldsen

Denmark-Norway

1770 – 1844 (73 years old)

Danish master sculptor of Neoclassicism whose severe classical purity rivaled Canova, creator of the 'Lion of Lucerne' and the majestic Christus statue in Copenhagen Cathedral.

Copenhagen, Denmark

4 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

3

🕯️ 0

Friedrich Hölderlin

Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin

Duchy of Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire

1770 – 1843 (73 years old)

Visionary German lyric poet who bridged Classicism and Romanticism, synthesizing ancient Greek myth with tragic modern philosophy in Hyperion and Patmos.

Tübingen, Germany

3 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

13

🕯️ 800

Bernardo O'Higgins

Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme

Chile

1778-08-20 – 1842-10-24 (64 years old)

Founding Father of Chile; laid the institutional, educational, and naval foundations of the sovereign Chilean republic.

Lima, Peru

13 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

9

🕯️ 925

Marie-Henri Beyle (Stendhal)

Henri Beyle (Stendhal)

France

23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842 (59 years old)

Visionary French novelist whose spare, analytical prose and profound psychological dissections of ambition, hypocrisy, and passion in Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black) and La Chartreuse de Parme founded modern European psychological fiction.

Paris, France

9 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

5

🕯️ 0

Vénérable Catherine Elizabeth McAuley

Catherine McAuley

Ireland

1778 – 1841 (63 years old)

Femme de foi et bienfaitrice irlandaise, fondatrice des Sœurs de la Miséricorde (Sisters of Mercy) consacrées aux soins hospitaliers et à la protection des femmes démunies.

Dublin, Ireland

5 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

13

🕯️ 945

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov

Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов

Russia

15 October 1814 – 27 July 1841 (26 years old)

Tragic genius of Russian Romanticism whose grief-stricken elegy on Pushkin's death and psychological masterpiece A Hero of Our Time (featuring Pechorin) redefined Russian prose before his death in a duel at age twenty-six.

Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Krai), Russia

13 Full Record →

Arts & Music

3,906

🕯️ 98

Niccolò Paganini

Republic of Genoa (Italy)

1782 – 1840 (57 years old)

Legendary Italian violin virtuoso and composer whose superhuman technical wizardry sparked rumors of a pact with the Devil.

Parma, Italy

3,906 Full Record →

Arts & Music

2,409

🕯️ 58

Caspar David Friedrich

Germany

1774 – 1840 (65 years old)

Foremost painter of the German Romantic movement whose contemplative figures before majestic nature embodied the Sublime.

Dresden, Germany

2,409 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

4

🕯️ 0

Francisco de Paula Santander

Francisco Jose de Paula Santander y Omana

Viceroyalty of New Granada

1792 – 1840 (48 years old)

Founding Father and Vice President of Gran Colombia acclaimed as 'The Man of the Laws' (El Hombre de las Leyes), whose administrative and fiscal genius organized the armies of liberation and founded Colombia's modern constitutional, legal, and public education systems.

Bogota, Colombia

4 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

3

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Maharaja Ranjit Singh

ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ (ਸ਼ੇਰ-ਏ-ਪੰਜਾਬ)

Sukerchakia Misl

1780 – 1839 (58 years old)

Founder of the Sikh Empire who unified the warring Sikh misls, conquered Lahore and Kashmir, modernized his army with Napoleonic officers, and gilded the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar.

Lahore, Pakistan

3 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

6

🕯️ 0

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Sher-e-Punjab)

ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ

Punjab (Pakistan)

1780 – 1839 (58 years old)

Founder of the Sikh Empire who united the misls of Punjab, modernized his military with European officers, and gilded the Harmandir Sahib.

Lahore, Pakistan

6 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

5

🕯️ 0

Black Hawk

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak

United States

c. 1767 – 1838 (~71 years old)

Sauk war chief who led the British Band in the Black Hawk War of 1832 to reclaim ancestral homelands east of the Mississippi River.

Rock Island, United States

5 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

5

🕯️ 0

Yusuf Karamanli

يوسف باشا القره مانلي

Karamanli Dynasty

c. 1766 – 1838 (72 years old)

Powerful Pasha of Tripoli (1795–1832) who ruled during the First Barbary War against the United States, captured the USS Philadelphia in 1803, and expanded Libyan hegemony across the Sahara to Chad.

Tripoli, Libya

5 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries