Historical Archives & Public Figures

Amalie Emmy Noether

German Empire (Germany)

1882 – 1935 (53 years old)

German mathematical genius who formulated Noether's theorem connecting symmetry and conservation laws, revolutionizing abstract algebra.

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States

2,182 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

8

🕯️ 930

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Spain

1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934 (82 years old)

Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate who established the Neuron Doctrine—proving that the nervous system is composed of discrete individual nerve cells (neurons) communicating across synapses.

Madrid, Spain

8 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

19

🕯️ 512

Marie Skłodowska-Curie

Maria Skłodowska-Curie

Poland

1867 – 1934 (66 years old)

Trailblazing physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics & Chemistry), and the first female professor at the University of Paris.

Passy, France

19 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,253

🕯️ 88

Fritz Haber

Kingdom of Prussia (Poland)

1868 – 1934 (65 years old)

German chemist who invented the Haber-Bosch process synthesizing ammonia from air, feeding half the modern human population.

Basel, Switzerland

4,253 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

🕯️ 0

Carl Correns

Carl Erich Correns

Kingdom of Bavaria

1864 – 1933 (68 years old)

German botanist and geneticist who independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity in 1900, discovered non-Mendelian cytoplasmic (maternal) inheritance, and served as the first director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology.

Berlin, Germany

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,413

🕯️ 66

Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross

British India (India)

1857 – 1932 (75 years old)

British physician who proved that malaria parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes, becoming the first British Nobel laureate in 1902.

Wandsworth, London, United Kingdom

3,413 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

🕯️ 0

Kitasato Shibasaburo

北里柴三郎

Japan

1853 – 1931 (78 years old)

Pioneering Japanese physician and bacteriologist who co-discovered the bubonic plague pathogen and developed serum therapy against tetanus and diphtheria alongside Emil von Behring.

Tokyo, Japan

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,016

🕯️ 168

Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson

Kingdom of Prussia (Poland)

1852 – 1931 (78 years old)

Master experimentalist whose Michelson-Morley interferometer experiment disproved the luminiferous aether.

Altadena, California, United States

2,016 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1,328

🕯️ 33

Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Netherlands

1853 – 1928 (74 years old)

Dutch physicist who unified Maxwell's electromagnetism with electron theory and formulated the Lorentz transformations.

Haarlem, Netherlands

1,328 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,822

🕯️ 152

Svante Arrhenius

Svante August Arrhenius

Sweden

1859 – 1927 (68 years old)

Swedish Nobel laureate who founded physical chemistry with his theory of electrolytic dissociation and first quantified CO2 global warming.

Uppsala, Sweden

2,822 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,678

🕯️ 113

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Netherlands

1853 – 1926 (72 years old)

Dutch low-temperature pioneer who liquefied helium and discovered superconductivity.

Voorschoten, South Holland, Netherlands

3,678 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

3,281

🕯️ 70

Camillo Golgi

Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (Italy)

1843 – 1926 (82 years old)

Italian cytologist and Nobel laureate who discovered the Golgi apparatus in cells and invented the silver nitrate staining method for neurons.

Pavia, Lombardy, Italy

3,281 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

🕯️ 0

Felix Klein

Christian Felix Klein

Kingdom of Prussia

1849 – 1925 (76 years old)

German mathematician who unified geometry through group theory in his Erlangen Program and discovered the non-orientable one-sided closed surface known as the Klein bottle.

Gottingen, Germany

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

🕯️ 0

Oliver Heaviside

United Kingdom

1850 – 1925 (74 years old)

Self-taught English mathematician and electrical engineer who condensed Maxwell's 20 original quaternion equations into the modern four vector calculus equations of electromagnetism and predicted the ionosphere.

Paignton (Devon), United Kingdom

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2,097

🕯️ 48

Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Kingdom of Prussia (Germany)

1845 – 1923 (77 years old)

German mechanical engineer and physicist who discovered X-rays, revolutionizing diagnostic medicine.

Giessen, Hesse, Germany

2,097 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

1

🕯️ 0

Jokichi Takamine

高峰譲吉

Japan

1854 – 1922 (67 years old)

Japanese chemist and industrial biotechnology pioneer who successfully isolated and purified the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine), the first pure hormone extracted from natural tissue.

Bronx (New York), United States

1 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

4,091

🕯️ 74

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

United States

1868 – 1921 (53 years old)

American astronomer whose discovery of the Cepheid variable period-luminosity relation provided the 'standard candle' to measure the universe.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

4,091 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

2

🕯️ 0

Dmitri Ivanovsky

Дмитрий Иосифович Ивановский

Russian Empire

1864 – 1920 (55 years old)

Russian botanist who discovered viruses in 1892 by proving that the infectious agent of tobacco mosaic disease passed through unglazed porcelain Chamberland filters that trapped all known bacteria, launching the science of virology.

Rostov-on-Don, Russia

2 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries