Omar ibn Abd al-Aziz (The Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph)

عمر بن عبد العزيز (Known as "Omar II")

Eighth Umayyad Caliph, The Pious Reformer, Exemplar of Fiscal Equality & Social Justice

Born 2 November 682 CE (63 AH)

Medina, Saudi Arabia

Passed Away 5 February 720 CE (101 AH) Dayr Sim'an, Syria

Lifespan 37 years old

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Notice / Correction

"I would rather die than allow a single dirham of injustice to stand in the lands under my care. God sent His Prophet as a herald of mercy, not as a tax collector."

Archival Overview

Eighth Umayyad Caliph celebrated in Sunni tradition as the "Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph" (Al-Khulafa al-Rashidun). In two years of rule, he dismantled royal corruption, returned royal family estates to the public treasury, and abolished the discriminatory Jizya tax on non-Arab converts.

Biographical Record

Great-grandson of Umar ibn al-Khattab, Umar II renounced the opulent luxury of the Damascus palace upon his accession, returning horses and jewels to the Bayt al-Mal. He ordered governors to stop predatory taxation, famously remarking: "God sent Muhammad as a guide, not as a tax collector."

His welfare programs eradicated poverty to such an extent that charity distributors in North Africa could find no destitute citizens eligible to receive zakat. Poisoned by court rivals at age thirty-seven, his memory remains the gold standard of moral leadership.

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Final Resting Place

Perpetual Memorial

Mausoleum of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (Dayr Sim'an)
Dayr Sim'an, Syria

                         GPS: 35.6500, 36.6833                    

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