Archival Overview
First Egyptian woman to obtain a high school baccalaureate (1907) and first female headmistress in Egypt, who established independent girls' schools and the Tarqiyat al-Fatah journal.
Biographical Record
Born in the Nile Delta, Nabawiyya Musa fought patriarchal bureaucracy to sit for the national secondary education examination in 1907, becoming the first Egyptian woman to pass the official baccalaureate.
Refusing to accept lower pay than male teachers, she founded the Tarqiyat al-Fatah school in Alexandria, establishing complete financial independence for female institutions and authoring Al-Mar'a wa al-Amal (Woman and Work), a foundational manifesto on economic empowerment.
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialAlexandria, Egypt