Archival Overview
Visionary Grand Imam of Al-Azhar who issued the historic 1959 fatwa recognizing Shia Ja'fari jurisprudence, introduced modern medicine and engineering faculties to Al-Azhar, and championed inter-faith dialogue.
Biographical Record
Born in the Nile Delta, Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut was an independent-minded Quranic exegete and disciple of Muhammad Abduh. Appointed Grand Imam of Al-Azhar by Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1958, he led the greatest structural modernization of Al-Azhar in its thousand-year history through the landmark 1961 Reform Law.
He established modern secular faculties of medicine, engineering, and agriculture alongside traditional theology, and admitted female students to Al-Azhar for the first time. In 1959, working with Iranian Ayatollah Hossein Borujerdi, he issued an epochal fatwa validating worship according to the Shia Ja'fari school, bridging centuries of sectarian division.
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialCairo, Egypt