Song Dynasty
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Lu Jiuyuan
Jinxi (Jiangxi), Song Dynasty
Archival Overview
Song dynasty Neo-Confucian master 'Lu Xiangshan' who founded the School of the Heart/Mind (Xinxue), famously debating Zhu Xi at the Goose Lake Temple and declaring that 'The Mind is the Principle'.
Biographical Record
Lu Jiuyuan (1139–1193) asserted that ultimate moral principle (Li) was not an external cosmological structure to be acquired through bookish empirical investigation (as argued by his great rival Zhu Xi), but was innate within every human heart: 'The mind is principle; there is no principle outside the mind.'
In 1175, at the historic Goose Lake Temple Debate (Ehu Zhi Hui), Lu defended his intuitive, direct path of moral self-cultivation against Zhu Xi's textual scholasticism. His philosophy deeply inspired Wang Yangming three centuries later, forming the twin pillars of East Asian Neo-Confucianism.
Key Life Milestones
The Goose Lake Temple Debate
Staged the monumental intellectual debate against Zhu Xi on the nature of moral knowledge.
Lectures at the Xiangshan Academy
Attracted thousands of scholars to Mount Xiangshan, formalizing the School of the Mind.
Memorial Guestbook & Tributes
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialFuzhou (Jiangxi), China