Russia
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Leonhard Euler
Basel, Russia
Archival Overview
Most prolific mathematician in history whose Euler's identity ($e^{ipi} + 1 = 0$) is hailed as the most beautiful formula in mathematics, and who standardized modern mathematical notation.
Biographical Record
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), student of Johann Bernoulli in Basel, spent his career at the Imperial Academy of St Petersburg and Frederick the Great's Berlin Academy. Even after losing sight in his right eye in 1738 and becoming completely blind in 1766, his phenomenal memory and mental calculation allowed him to produce more than half of his monumental 866 publications while blind.
Euler introduced modern mathematical notation, including $f(x)$ for functions, $e$ for the base of natural logarithms, $i$ for the imaginary unit, $pi$ for circle ratios, and $sum$ for summations. His formula $e^{ipi} + 1 = 0$ unites the five most fundamental mathematical constants. He founded graph theory by solving the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem and revolutionized fluid dynamics with Euler's equations.
Key Life Milestones
Solution to the Seven Bridges of Königsberg
Founded the mathematical fields of graph theory and topology by proving the impossibility of crossing each bridge once.
Publication of 'Introductio in analysin infinitorum'
Introduced Euler's formula connecting complex exponential functions with trigonometry ($e^{ix} = cos x + isin x$).
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialSaint Petersburg, Russia