Archival Overview
Spanish-born Morisco general who commanded Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur's trans-Saharan expedition in 1591, crossing the Sahara with firearms to defeat the Songhai Empire at the Battle of Tondibi.
Biographical Record
Judar Pasha was an Andalusian captive who rose through the Saadian military palace administration to become one of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur's most capable commanders. In October 1590, al-Mansur appointed him commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force of 4,000 elite troops equipped with arquebuses and cannons to conquer the gold-rich Niger Bend.
After an arduous 135-day Saharan crossing, Judar met the vast Songhai army at Tondibi in March 1591, winning a crushing tactical victory. He captured Gao and Timbuktu, established the Moroccan Pashalik of the Western Sudan, and dispatched caravans of gold and ivory back to Marrakech, earning his master the title 'Al-Dhahabi' (the Golden).
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialMarrakech, Morocco