Archival Overview
Marshal of the Empire, 1st Duke of Montebello, and Napoleon's closest friend who captured the bridge at Arcole, took Montebello, and died heroically at Aspern-Essling.
Biographical Record
Jean Lannes (1769–1809), 1st Duke of Montebello, was widely considered Napoleon's finest frontline tactical marshal and his closest personal friend. Enlisting as a volunteer during the French Revolution, Lannes was shot three times shielding Napoleon at the Battle of the Bridge of Arcole in 1796, winning Bonaparte's eternal affection.
In 1800, Lannes won the Battle of Montebello and held the Austrian army at bay at Marengo until Desaix arrived. At Jena in 1806, his corps bore the brunt of the Prussian army, and at Friedland in 1807, Lannes held off the entire Russian host under Bennigsen for nine hours until Napoleon arrived to deliver the knockout blow. At the Battle of Aspern-Essling in May 1809, while sitting on a ditch mourning a fallen comrade, a ricocheting three-pound cannonball shattered both his knees. Napoleon wept openly at his bedside as Lannes passed away, the first of his marshals to fall in battle.
Key Life Milestones
Triumph of the French Vanguard
Held off 18,000 Austrian troops with only 8,000 men in northern Italy, winning the battle that gave him his ducal title.
Nine-Hour Stand Against the Russian Army
Anchored the French left flank for nine agonizing hours against overwhelming Russian forces, fixing Bennigsen in place for Napoleon's decisive strike.
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialParis, France