François-Gaston de Lévis

A brilliant and adaptable commander, Lévis maintained excellent relations with Canadian militia and Indigenous allies, unlike Montcalm. Following the defeat on the Plains of Abraham, Lévis reorganized the French army and marched on Quebec in April 1760, crushing British General James Murray at the Battle of Sainte-Foy.

Forced to withdraw when British relief ships reached the St. Lawrence first, Lévis retreated to Montreal. Defying British demands to surrender with dishonorable conditions, he ordered his regiments to burn their flags on Île Sainte-Hélène. Returning to France, he was made a Marshal of France and Duke.