British India
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Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Naihati (North 24 Parganas), British India
Archival Overview
Bengali novelist and intellectual hailed as the father of the modern Indian novel, who composed Vande Mataram, the national song of India, within his 1882 patriotic novel Anandamath.
Biographical Record
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1838–1894) was one of the first two graduates of Calcutta University and served as a colonial deputy magistrate while pioneering vernacular literature. In 1865, he published 'Durgeshnandini', the first major Bengali novel, sparking widespread literary imitation.
His 1882 novel 'Anandamath' ('The Abbey of Bliss'), set during the Sannyasi Rebellion of the 1770s, featured the hymn 'Vande Mataram' ('I bow to thee, Mother'), personifying India as a divine motherland and serving as the battle cry of India's independence movement.
Key Life Milestones
Publication of 'Durgeshnandini'
Published the foundational romantic novel in modern Bengali prose literature.
Publication of 'Anandamath'
Published the historical novel containing the patriotic hymn 'Vande Mataram'.
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialKolkata, India