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Aryabhata (Aryabhata I)
Ashmaka (or Kusumapura, Patna), India
Archival Overview
Master of Gupta Dynasty mathematics and astronomy whose Aryabhatiya introduced trigonometry (sine tables), calculated Pi to 3.1416, and proved the Earth rotates on its axis.
Biographical Record
Aryabhata (476–550 CE) composed his mathematical masterpiece, the Aryabhatiya, at the age of twenty-three in Kusumapura (modern Patna), capital of the golden Gupta Empire. He later directed astronomical research at the celebrated Nalanda University.
Aryabhata correctly declared that the Earth is spherical and rotates daily on its own axis, explaining that the apparent rising and setting of stars is like a person in a moving boat who sees stationary trees on the bank moving in the opposite direction. He calculated $pi$ to four decimal places (3.1416), discovered sine (*jya*) and versine tables, and correctly explained lunar and solar eclipses as shadows cast by the Earth and Moon.
Key Life Milestones
Publication of the 'Aryabhatiya'
Authored his verse treatise summarizing arithmetic, quadratic equations, plane trigonometry, and planetary movements.
Mathematical Calculation of Pi and Rotation of Earth
Demonstrated that Pi is an irrational approximation (3.1416) and proved the diurnal axial rotation of the Earth.
Memorial Guestbook & Tributes
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Final Resting Place
Perpetual MemorialRajgir / Nalanda (Bihar), India